@article{fdi:010052289,
  title = {{M}ultibeam sonar detection of suspended mussel culture grounds in the open sea: {D}irect observation methods for management purposes},
  author = {{B}rehmer, {P}atrice and {V}ercelli, {C}. and {G}erlotto, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {S}anguin{\`e}de, {F}. and {P}ichot, {Y}. and {G}uennegan, {Y}. and {B}uestel, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he exploitation of offshore mussel farms is becoming important throughout the world, but monitoring this activity remains a difficult task. {H}ere, we propose a specific method for this purpose. {A} total of 140 long-lines were monitored on a mussel culture ground in the {F}rench {M}editerranean {S}ea during four experimental surveys deploying multibeam sonar devices mounted on poles ({R}eson {S}eabat 6012, 455 k{H}z) on small boats. {T}his allowed geo-referenced observations to be made of the submerged mussel long-lines, as well as three-dimensional (3{D}) drawings of the long-line structures and the sea bed shapes, using long-line longitudinal sonar sampling. {T}hree sonar data-analysis methods were applied: (i) direct two-dimensional (2{D}) visual interpretation of raw sonar video images; (ii) indirect 2{D} long-line drawings; and (iii) 3{D} digital long-line reconstructions. {T}he development of these acoustic methods in shallow water provides scientists, managers and local authorities with a tool for observing the 3{D} position (geographical position and depth) of mussel cultures, for counting each structure by the 'long-line echo-counting' method, for monitoring their shape in situ, and for classifying the mussel rope segments into three growth categories ('in growth', 'full' and 'empty'). {T}he use of acoustic tools for monitoring underwater mussel culture grounds, for management purposes and for scientific studies, could be extended to other artificial structures in shallow water environments. (c) 2005 {E}lsevier {B}.{V}. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {mussel ; long line ; open sea ; sonar ; management ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quaculture},
  volume = {252},
  numero = {2-4},
  pages = {234--241},
  ISSN = {0044-8486},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.035},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052289},
}