@article{fdi:010050153,
  title = {{P}atterns of selection in anti-malarial immune genes in malaria vectors : evidence for adaptive evolution in {LRIM}1 in {A}nopheles arabiensis},
  author = {{S}lotman, {M}.{A}. and {P}armakelis, {A}. and {M}arshall, {J}.{C}. and {A}wono-{A}mbene, {P}.{H}. and {A}ntonio-{N}kondjo, {C}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {C}accone, {A}. and {P}owell, {J}.{R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {C}o-evolution between {P}lasmodium species and its vectors may result in adaptive changes in genes that are crucial components of the vector's defense against the pathogen. {B}y analyzing which genes show evidence of positive selection in malaria vectors, but not in closely related non-vectors, we can identify genes that are crucial for the mosquito's resistance against {P}lasmodium.{M}ethodology/{P}rinciple {F}indings. {W}e investigated genetic variation of three anti-malarial genes; {CEC}1, {GNBP}-{B}1 and {LRIM}1, in both vector and non-vector species of the {A}nopheles gambiae complex. {W}hereas little protein differentiation was observed between species in {CEC}1 and {GNBP}-{B}1, {M}c{D}onald-{K}reitman and maximum likelihood tests of positive selection show that {LRIM}1 underwent adaptive evolution in a primary malaria vector; {A}n. arabiensis. {I}n particular, two adjacent codons show clear signs of adaptation by having accumulated three out of four replacement substitutions. {F}urthermore, our data indicate that this {LRIM}1 allele has introgressed from {A}n. arabiensis into the other main malaria vector {A}n. gambiae. {C}onclusions/{S}ignificance. {A}lthough no evidence exists to link the adaptation of {LRIM}1 to {P}. falciparum infection, an adaptive response of a known anti-malarial gene in a primary malaria vector is intriguing, and may suggest that this gene could play a role in {P}lasmodium resistance in {A}n. arabiensis. {I}f so, our data also predicts that {LRIM}1 alleles in {A}n. gambiae vary in their level of resistance against {P}. falciparum.},
  keywords = {{PALUDISME} ; {VECTEUR} ; {MOUSTIQUE} ; {PARASITE} ; {SENSIBILITE} {RESISTANCE} ; {IMMUNITE} ; {GENE} ; {COEVOLUTION} ; {ADAPTATION} ; {RELATION} {HOTE} {PARASITE} ; {AFRIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {2},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e793},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0000793},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010050153},
}