Esnault C. auteur aut IRD Boulesteix M. auteur aut IRD Duchemin J.B. auteur aut IRD Koffi A.A. auteur aut IRD Chandre Fabrice auteur aut IRD Dabiré R. auteur aut IRD Robert Vincent auteur aut IRD Simard Frédéric auteur aut IRD Tripet F. auteur aut IRD Donnelly M.J. auteur aut IRD Fontenille Didier auteur aut IRD Biémont C. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background. Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria, is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to eliminate infective mosquitoes, researchers are trying to develop transgenic strains that are refractory to the Plasmodium parasite. Before any release of transgenic mosquitoes can be envisaged, we need an accurate picture of the differentiation between the two molecular forms of An. gambiae, termed M and S, which are of uncertain taxonomic status. Methodology/Principal Findings. Insertion patterns of three transposable elements (TEs) were determined in populations from Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, and Tanzania, using Transposon Display, a TE-anchored strategy based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. The results reveal a clear differentiation between the M and S forms, whatever their geographical origin, suggesting an incipient speciation process. Conclusions/Significance. Any attempt to control the transmission of malaria by An. gambiae using either conventional or novel technologies must take the M/S genetic differentiation into account. In addition, we localized three TE insertion sites that were present either in every individual or at a high frequency in the M molecular form. These sites were found to be located outside the chromosomal regions that are suspected of involvement in the speciation event between the two forms. This suggests that these chromosomal regions are either larger than previously thought, or there are additional differentiated genomic regions interspersed with undifferentiated regions. specialized PALUDISME VECTEUR MOUSTIQUE POLYMORPHISME INTRASPECIFIQUE SPECIATION STRUCTURE GENETIQUE ANALYSE GENETIQUE TRANSPOSON TECHNIQUE RFLP FLUX DE GENES AFRIQUE 052ANOPAL 3 4 e1968 2008 1932-6203 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010050152 10.1371/journal.pone.0001968 1932-6203 [F B010050152] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010050152 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-08/010050152.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2010-06-22 2020-10-19 fdi:010050152 fre