@article{fdi:010049235,
  title = {{A}nopheles immune genes and amino acid sites evolving under the effect of positive selection},
  author = {{P}armakelis, {A}. and {M}oustaka, {M}. and {P}oulakakis, {N}. and {L}ouis, {C}. and {S}lotman, {M}. {A}. and {M}arshall, {J}. {C}. and {A}wono-{A}mbene, {P}. {H}. and {A}ntonio-{N}kondjio, {C}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {C}accone, {A}. and {P}owell, {J}. {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {I}t has long been the goal of vector biology to generate genetic knowledge that can be used to "manipulate' natural populations of vectors to eliminate or lessen disease burden. {W}hile long in coming, progress towards reaching this goal has been made. {A}iming to increase our understanding regarding the interactions between {P}lasmodium and the {A}nopheles immune genes, we investigated the patterns of genetic diversity of four anti-{P}lasmodium genes in the {A}nopheles gambiae complex of species. {M}ethodology/{P}rincipal {F}indings: {W}ithin a comparative phylogenetic and population genetics framework, the evolutionary history of four innate immunity genes within the {A}n. gambiae complex (including the two most important human malaria vectors, {A}n. gambiae and {A}n. arabiensis) is reconstructed. {T}he effect of natural selection in shaping the genes' diversity is examined. {I}ntrogression and retention of ancestral polymorphisms are relatively rare at all loci. {D}espite the potential confounding effects of these processes, we could identify sites that exhibited d{N}/d{S} ratios greater than 1. {C}onclusions/{S}ignificance: {I}n two of the studied genes, {CLIPB}14 and {FBN}8, several sites indicated evolution under positive selection, with {CLIPB}14 exhibiting the most consistent evidence. {C}onsidering only the sites that were consistently identified by all methods, two sites in {CLIPB}14 are adaptively driven. {H}owever, the analysis inferring the lineage-specific evolution of each gene was not in favor of any of the {A}nopheles lineages evolving under the constraints imposed by positive selection. {N}evertheless, the loci and the specific amino acids that were identified as evolving under strong evolutionary pressure merit further investigation for their involvement in the {A}nopheles defense against microbes in general.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {5},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {e8885},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0008885},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049235},
}