@article{fdi:010049177,
  title = {{F}unctional group biodiversity in {E}astern {B}oundary {U}pwelling {E}cosystems questions the wasp-waist trophic structure},
  author = {{F}r{\'e}on, {P}ierre and {A}ristegui, {J}. and {B}ertrand, {A}rnaud and {C}rawford, {R}. {J}. {M}. and {F}ield, {J}. {C}. and {G}ibbons, {M}. {J}. and {T}am, {J}. and {H}utchings, {L}. and {M}asski, {H}. and {M}ullon, {C}hristian and {R}amdani, {M}. and {S}{\'e}ret, {B}ernard and {S}imier, {M}onique},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he species diversity of the four major {E}astern {B}oundary {U}pwelling {E}cosystems ({EBUE}s) is studied and compared with the aim of better understanding their functioning. {F}unctional groups ({FG}s) of organisms were defined according to their taxonomy, body size and trophic level ({TL}), and span from plankton to top predators. {F}our large sub-divisions are defined in each system: two latitudinal sub-divisions (north and south) and two zonal sub-divisions (inshore and offshore), resulting in four sub-ecosystems per {EBUE}. {A} semi-quantitative approach is used in which only the dominant species (contributing 90% of overall biomass) are considered. {EBUE}s are compared in regard to their species composition, dominant species richness and evenness within {FG}s. {T}he data are interpreted, focusing on latitudinal, zonal and depth gradients of diversity. {T}rophic flows (inflow and outflow) through the small pelagic fish {FG} are derived from different {E}copath models. {T}his analysis of the four ecosystems and their sub-divisions does not provide support for the expected wasp-waist food web structure and functioning, with a single or several species of small pelagic fish primarily channelling the energy flow from lower to higher {TL}. {I}nstead, similar low levels of richness were observed in many {FG}s of intermediate {TL}, allowing several energy transfer pathways. {T}he gamma diversity is high due to the geographical distance between {EBUE}s and the presence or absence of rivers, but not to differences in their latitudinal position. {T}he beta diversity is also high, due to the same factors plus the variation in shelf width and the contrast between inshore and offshore subdivisions. {T}he differences in richness and evenness among {EBUE}s are minor and do not explain the higher secondary and tertiary productivity of the {H}umboldt ecosystem.},
  keywords = {{ATLANTIQUE} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {HUMBOLT} {COURANT} ; {BENGUELA} {COURANT}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}rogress in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {83},
  numero = {1-4},
  pages = {97--106},
  ISSN = {0079-6611},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.034},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049177},
}