@article{fdi:010049161,
  title = {{D}iet of sardine ({S}ardinops sagax) in the northern {H}umboldt {C}urrent system and comparison with the diets of clupeoids in this and other eastern boundary upwelling systems},
  author = {{E}spinoza, {P}. and {B}ertrand, {A}rnaud and van der {L}ingen, {C}. {D}. and {G}arrido, {S}. and de {M}endiola, {B}. {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}ardines are one of the main small pelagic fish resources in eastern boundary upwelling systems ({EBUS}) where they play an important ecological role both as a predator of plankton and as prey of top predators. {S}ardine trophodynamics have been relatively well studied in three of the {EBUS} (the {B}enguela, {C}alifornia and {C}anary upwelling systems) but not in the {H}umboldt {C}urrent system. {I}n this paper we describe the diet of sardine {S}ardinops sagax in the northern {H}umboldt {C}urrent system ({NHCS}) off {P}eru, using an analytical method which assesses relative dietary importance in terms of estimated prey carbon content. {W}e assessed sardine diet by examining a total of 555 stomachs collected during six surveys conducted off {P}eru during the period 1996-1998, and compare our results with the diet of anchoveta {E}ngraulis ringens off {P}eru and with the diets of sardines from the southern {B}enguela (also {S}. sagax) and the northern {C}anary ({S}ardina pilchardus) upwelling systems. {T}he diet of sardine off {P}eru is based primarily on zooplankton, similar to that observed for anchoveta, but with several important differences. {F}irstly, sardine feed on smaller zooplankton than do anchoveta, with sardine diet consisting of smaller copepods and fewer euphausiids than anchoveta diet. {S}econdly, whilst phytoplankton represents <2% of sardine dietary carbon, this fraction is dominated by dinoflagellates, whereas diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton consumed by anchoveta. {H}ence, trophic competition between sardine and anchovy in the northern {H}umboldt {C}urrent system is minimized by their partitioning of the zooplankton food resource based on prey size, as has been reported in other systems. {W}hereas sardine in the {NHCS} feed on smaller zooplankton than do anchovy in that system, sardine in the {NHCS} forage on larger prey and obtain a substantial portion of their dietary carbon from euphausiids compared to sardine from the northern {C}anary and southern {B}enguela {C}urrent systems.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}rogress in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {83},
  numero = {1-4},
  pages = {242--250},
  ISSN = {0079-6611},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.045},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049161},
}