@article{fdi:010049076,
  title = {{D}istribution of ace-1({R}) and resistance to carbamates and organophosphates in {A}nopheles gambiae s.s. populations from {C}ote d'{I}voire},
  author = {{A}lou, {L}. {P}. {A}. and {K}offi, {A}. {A}. and {A}dja, {M}. {A}. and {T}ia, {E}. and {K}ouassi, {P}. {K}. and {K}one, {M}. and {C}handre, {F}abrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he spread of pyrethroid resistance in {A}nopheles gambiae s.s. is a critical issue for malaria vector control based on the use of insecticide-treated nets. {C}arbamates and organophosphates insecticides are regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids used in nets treatment. {I}t is, therefore, essential to investigate on the susceptibility of pyrethroid resistant populations of {A}n. gambiae s.s. to these alternative products. {M}ethods: {I}n {S}eptember 2004, a cross sectional survey was conducted in six localities in {C}ote d'{I}voire: {T}oumbokro, {Y}amoussoukro, {T}oumodi in the {S}outhern {G}uinea savannah, {T}iassale in semi-deciduous forest, then {N}ieky and {A}bidjan in evergreen forest area. {A}n. gambiae populations from these localities were previously reported to be highly resistant to pyrethroids insecticides. {A}nopheline larvae were collected from the field and reared to adults. {R}esistance/susceptibility to carbamates (0.4% carbosulfan, 0.1% propoxur) and organophosphates (0.4% chlorpyrifos-methyl, 1% fenitrothion) was assessed using {WHO} bioassay test kits for adult mosquitoes. {T}hen, {PCR} assays were run to determine the molecular forms ({M}) and ({S}), as well as phenotypes for insensitive acetylcholinesterase ({AC}h{E}1) due to {G}119{S} mutation. {R}esults: {B}ioassays showed carbamates (carbosulfan and propoxur) resistance in all tested populations of {A}n. gambiae s.s. {I}n addition, two out of the six tested populations ({T}oumodi and {T}iassale) were also resistant to organophosphates (mortality rates ranged from 29.5% to 93.3%). {T}he {M}-form was predominant in tested samples (91.8%). {M} and {S} molecular forms were sympatric at two localities but no {M}/{S} hybrids were detected. {T}he highest proportion of {S}-form (7.9% of {A}n. gambiae identified) was in sample from {T}oumbokro, in the southern {G}uinea savannah. {T}he {G}119{S} mutation was found in both {M} and {S} molecular forms with frequency from 30.9 to 35.2%. {C}onclusion: {T}his study revealed a wide distribution of insensitive acetylcholinesterase due to the {G}119{S} mutation in both {M} and {S} molecular forms of the populations of {A}n. gambiae s.s. tested. {T}he low cross-resistance between carbamates and organophosphates highly suggests involvement of other resistance mechanisms such as metabolic detoxification or {F}290{V} mutation.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {167},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1186/1475-2875-9-167},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049076},
}