@article{fdi:010049058,
  title = {{O}rigin of the human malaria parasite {P}lasmodium falciparum in gorillas},
  author = {{L}iu, {W}. {M}. and {L}i, {Y}. {Y}. and {L}earn, {G}. {H}. and {R}udicell, {R}. {S}. and {R}obertson, {J}. {D}. and {K}eele, {B}. {F}. and {N}django, {J}. {B}. {N}. and {S}anz, {C}. {M}. and {M}organ, {D}. {B}. and {L}ocatelli, {S}abrina and {G}onder, {M}. {K}. and {K}ranzusch, {P}. {J}. and {W}alsh, {P}. {D}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {M}poudi-{N}gole, {E}. and {G}eorgiev, {A}. {V}. and {M}uller, {M}. {N}. and {S}haw, {G}. {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {S}harp, {P}. {M}. and {R}ayner, {J}. {C}. and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}lasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent and lethal of the malaria parasites infecting humans, yet the origin and evolutionary history of this important pathogen remain controversial. {H}ere we develop a single-genome amplification strategy to identify and characterize {P}lasmodium spp. {DNA} sequences in faecal samples from wild-living apes. {A}mong nearly 3,000 specimens collected from field sites throughout central {A}frica, we found {P}lasmodium infection in chimpanzees ({P}an troglodytes) and western gorillas ({G}orilla gorilla), but not in eastern gorillas ({G}orilla beringei) or bonobos ({P}an paniscus). {A}pe plasmodial infections were highly prevalent, widely distributed and almost always made up of mixed parasite species. {A}nalysis of more than 1,100 mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear gene sequences from chimpanzees and gorillas revealed that 99% grouped within one of six host-specific lineages representing distinct {P}lasmodium species within the subgenus {L}averania. {O}ne of these from western gorillas comprised parasites that were nearly identical to {P}. falciparum. {I}n phylogenetic analyses of full-length mitochondrial sequences, human {P}. falciparum formed a monophyletic lineage within the gorilla parasite radiation. {T}hese findings indicate that {P}. falciparum is of gorilla origin and not of chimpanzee, bonobo or ancient human origin.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ature},
  volume = {467},
  numero = {7314},
  pages = {420--{U}67},
  ISSN = {0028-0836},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1038/nature09442},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049058},
}