@article{fdi:010048499,
  title = {{E}vidence of introgression of the ace-1({R}) mutation and of the ace-1 duplication in {W}est {A}frican {A}nopheles gambiae s. s.},
  author = {{D}jogb{\'e}nou, {L}uc and {C}handre, {F}abrice and {B}erthomieu, {A}. and {D}abir{\'e}, {R}. and {K}offi, {A}. and {A}lout, {H}. and {W}eill, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he role of inter-specific hybridisation is of particular importance in mosquito disease vectors for predicting the evolution of insecticide resistance. {T}wo molecular forms of {A}nopheles gambiae s.s., currently recognized as {S} and {M} taxa, are considered to be incipient sibling species. {H}ybrid scarcity in the field was suggested that differentiation of {M} and {S} taxa is maintained by limited or absent gene flow. {H}owever, recent studies have revealed shared polymorphisms within the {M} and {S} forms, and a better understanding of the occurrence of gene flow is needed. {O}ne such shared polymorphism is the {G}119{S} mutation in the ace-1 gene (which is responsible for insecticide resistance); this mutation has been described in both the {M} and {S} forms of {A}. gambiae s.s. {M}ethods and {R}esults: {T}o establish whether the {G}119{S} mutation has arisen independently in each form or by genetic introgression, we analysed coding and non-coding sequences of ace-1 alleles in {M} and {S} mosquitoes from representative field populations. {O}ur data revealed many polymorphic sites shared by {S} and {M} forms, but no diversity was associated with the {G}119{S} mutation. {T}hese results indicate that the {G}119{S} mutation was a unique event and that genetic introgression explains the observed distribution of the {G}119{S} mutation within the two forms. {H}owever, it was impossible to determine from our data whether the mutation occurred first in the {S} form or in the {M} form. {U}nexpectedly, sequence analysis of some resistant individuals revealed a duplication of the ace-1 gene that was observed in both {A}. gambiae s.s. {M} and {S} forms. {A}gain, the distribution of this duplication in the two forms most likely occurred through introgression. {C}onclusions: {T}hese results highlight the need for more research to understand the forces driving the evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and to regularly monitor resistance in mosquito populations of {A}frica.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {3},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {e2172},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0002172},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048499},
}