@article{fdi:010048472,
  title = {{L}ymphatic vascularisation and involvement of {L}yve-1(+) macrophages in the human {O}nchocerca nodule},
  author = {{A}ttout, {T}. and {H}oerauf, {A}. and {D}enece, {G}. and {D}ebrah, {A}. {Y}. and {M}arfo-{D}ebrekyei, {Y}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel and {W}anji, {S}. and {M}artinez, {V}. and {M}and, {S}. and {A}djei, {O}. and {B}ain, {O}. and {S}pecht, {S}. and {M}artin, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}nchocerciasis, caused by the filarial nematode {O}nchocerca volvulus, is a parasitic disease leading to debilitating skin disease and blindness, with major economic and social consequences. {T}he pathology of onchocerciasis is principally considered to be a consequence of long-standing host inflammatory responses. {I}n onchocerciasis a subcutaneous nodule is formed around the female worms, the core of which is a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells in which microfilariae are released. {I}t has been established that the formation of nodules is associated with angiogenesis. {I}n this study, we show using specific markers of endothelium ({CD}31) and lymphatic endothelial cells ({L}yve-1, {P}odoplanin) that not only angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis occurs within the nodule. 7% of the microfilariae could be found within the lymphatics, but none within blood vessels in these nodules, suggesting a possible route of migration for the larvae. {T}he neovascularisation was associated with a particular pattern of angio/lymphangiogenic factors in nodules of onchocerciasis patients, characterized by the expression of {CXCL}12, {CXCR}4, {VEGF}-{C}, {A}ngiopoietin-1 and {A}ngiopoietin-2. {I}nterestingly, a proportion of macrophages were found to be positive for {L}yve-1 and some were integrated into the endothelium of the lymphatic vessels, revealing their plasticity in the nodular micro-environment. {T}hese results indicate that lymphatic as well as blood vascularization is induced around {O}. volvulus worms, either by the parasite itself, e. g. by the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, or by consecutive host immune responses.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {4},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {e8234},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0008234},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048472},
}