@article{fdi:010048305,
  title = {{G}enus-level supertree of {C}yprinidae ({A}ctinopterygii : {C}ypriniformes), partitioned qualitative clade support and test of macro-evolutionary scenarios},
  author = {{G}aubert, {P}hilippe and {D}enys, {G}. and {O}berdorff, {T}hierry},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e used the supertree approach of matrix representation with parsimony to reconstruct to date the most exhaustive (genus-level) phylogeny of {C}yprinidae. {T}he supertree of {C}yprinidae, representing 397 taxa (237 nominal genera) and 990 pseudocharacters, was well resolved (96%) through extended consensus majority rule, although 36 nodes (9.4%) were unsupported. {T}he proportion of shared taxa among source trees was very low after calculation of the taxonomic coverage index ({TCI} = 0.059), which is proposed here as a more accurate alternative to the usual ratios calculated from the number of pseudo-characters or source trees per taxon. {W}e define a new index for the calculation of partitioned qualitative clade support, the partitioned r{QS} ((p)r{QS}), which offers a straightforward visualization of the relative supports of source tree partitions at supertree nodes.{T}he use of (p)r{QS} showed that the molecular source tree partition contributed to most node supports within the supertree of {C}yprinidae (73%, contra 21% for the morphological partition) and evidenced a fair proportion of conflict at nodes between the two partitions (21%), notably reflecting (i) the greater number and resolution of molecular source trees, and (ii) potential morphological convergences. {M}ost of the higher-level relationships within {C}yprinidae were supported by both morphological and molecular source tree partitions. {O}ur supertree showed a well-supported dichotomy between a clade consisting of a 'barbine' + 'rasborine' lineage, sister group to ({B}arbinae [paraphyletic], ({C}yprininae, {L}abeoninae)), and a clade consisting of other rasborines (large polytomy) and the two monophyletic groups (({T}incinae, {T}anichthys), ({E}cocarpia, ({A}cheilognathinae, ({G}obioninae, {L}euciscinae)))) and ({S}qualiobarbinae, ({X}enocyprinae, {C}ultrinae)). {T}hrough the non-monophyly of almost all the traditional subfamilies of {C}yprinidae and 34 genera, our supertree exemplified the taxonomic chaos that reigns in the classification of the family. {I}t also highlighted that further efforts should aim at increasing taxonomic sampling and generating alternative phylogenetic signals, notably for the still poorly apprehended {T}incinae, {S}qualiobarbinae, {A}cheilognathinae, {G}obioninae, and {R}asborinae, the latter representing a key taxon for the understanding of early cyprinid evolution. {O}ur supertree also proved useful for testing macro-evolutionary scenarios at a wide taxonomic scale. {A}ncestral reconstructions using linear parsimony confirmed that the {O}riental tropical region was the centre of origin of {C}yprinidae, and identified three {O}riental-to-{P}alaearctic, two {P}alaearctic-to-{N}earctic, and one {O}riental-to-{A}frotropical major migration events. {O}n the other hand, we almost completely rejected the hypothesis of presence of barbels as a plesiomorphic condition within {C}yprinidae (although ambiguous for maxillary barbels of the {B}arbinae-{C}yprininae type). {T}he supertree of {C}yprinidae serves as a basis to discuss the applications and bias of the newly proposed (p)r{QS}, to provide future guidelines for a better achievement of cyprinid phylogeny, and to elaborate further on inter-continental migrations and the adaptive value of barbels.},
  keywords = {{C}yprinidae ; {MRP} ; supertree ; taxonomic coverage index ; partitioned r{QS} ; macro-evolutionary scenario ; centre of origin ; barbels},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iological {R}eviews},
  volume = {84},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {653--689},
  ISSN = {1464-7931},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1469-185{X}.2009.00091.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048305},
}