@article{fdi:010048260,
  title = {{M}aintenance of adaptive differentiation by {W}olbachia induced bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility : the importance of sib-mating and genetic systems},
  author = {{B}ranca, {A}ntoine and {V}avre, {F}. and {S}ilvain, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {D}upas, {S}t{\'e}phane},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {B}acteria of the genus {W}olbachia are reproductive parasites widespread among arthropods. {T}he most common effect arising from the presence of {W}olbachia in a population is {C}ytoplasmic {I}ncompatibility ({CI}), whereby postmating reproductive isolation occurs in crosses between an infected male and an uninfected female, or when a male is infected with a different strain of {W}olbachia to that of the female (bidirectional {CI}). {P}revious theoretical models have demonstrated that bidirectional {CI} can contribute to the genetic divergence of populations in haploid and diploid organisms. {H}owever, haplodiploid organisms were not considered in these models even though they include {N}asonia parasitoid wasps - the best example of the implication of {W}olbachia in ongoing speciation. {M}oreover, previous work did not investigate inbreeding mating systems, which are frequently observed in arthropod species. {R}esults: {W}e developed a stochastic two-island model which simulated three genetic scenarios, diploidy, haploidy, and haplodiploidy, with two {CI} phenotypes being considered for the latter: (1) male development of female progeny; and (2) mortality of fertilized eggs. {W}e also investigated the effect of varying the proportion of sib mating. {I}n the model each allopatric population was initially fixed for a single allele at a nuclear locus under positive selection and infected with one strain of {W}olbachia. {E}ach simulation presupposed that the two populations were fixed for a different allele and a different strain of {W}olbachia. {T}he degree of genetic differentiation observed in the locus under selection due to bidirectional {CI} was much lower for the two haplodiploid phenotypes than for either diploids or haploids. {F}urthermore, we demonstrated that sib-mating may compensate for the lower efficiency of bidirectional {CI} in haplodiploids by maintaining genetic divergence. {C}onclusion: {O}ur model suggests that maintenance of genetic differentiation facilitated by {W}olbachia is more likely to occur in diploids and haploids than in haplodiploids. {H}owever, increasing the level of sib-mating may compensate for the weak effect of bidirectional {CI} in haplodiploids. {O}ur work therefore gives a potential explanation for why the haplodiploid {N}asonia species, which are infected with bidirectionally incompatible {W}olbachia strains and undergo sib-mating, have differentiated genetically and maintained this differentiation without premating isolation.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {E}volutionary {B}iology},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {185},
  ISSN = {1471-2148},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2148-9-185},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048260},
}