@article{fdi:010048193,
  title = {{S}patio-temporal rainfall variability in the {A}mazon basin countries ({B}razil, {P}eru, {B}olivia, {C}olombia, and {E}cuador)},
  author = {{V}illar, {J}.{C}.{E}. and {R}onchail, {J}. and {G}uyot, {J}ean-{L}oup and {C}ochonneau, {G}{\'e}rard and {N}aziano, {F}. and {L}avado, {W}. and {D}e {O}liveira, {E}. and {P}ombosa, {R}. and {V}auchel, {P}hilippe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}ainfall variability in the {A}mazon basin ({AB}) is analysed for the 1964-2003 period. {I}t is based on 756 pluviometric stations distributed throughout the {AB} countries. {F}or the first time it includes data from {B}olivia, {P}eru, {E}cuador, and {C}olombia. {I}n particular, the recent availability of rainfall data from the {A}ndean countries makes it possible to complete previous studies. {T}he impact {O}f {M}ountain ranges oil rainfall is pointed out. {T}he highest rainfall ill the {AB} is observed in low windward regions, and low rainfall is measured in leeward and elevated stations. {A}dditionally, rainfall regimes are more diversified in the {A}ndean regions than in the lowlands. {R}ainfall spatio-temporal variability is studied based on a varimax-rotated principal component analysis ({PCA}). {L}ong-term variability with a decreasing rainfall since the 1980s prevails in {J}une-{J}uly-{A}ugust ({JJA}) and {S}eptember-{O}ctober-{N}ovember ({SON}). {D}uring, the rainiest seasons, i.e. {D}ecember-{J}anuary-{F}ebruary ({DJF}) and {M}arch-{A}pril-{M}ay ({MAM}), the main variability is at decadal and interannual time scales. {I}nterdecadal variability is related to long-term changes in the {P}acific {O}cean, whereas decadal variability, opposing the northwest and the south of the {AB}, is associated with changes in the strength of the low-level jet ({LLJ}) along the {A}ndes. {I}nterannual variability characterizes more specifically the northeast of the basin and the southern tropical {A}ndes. {I}t is related to {E}l {N}ino-{S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}) and to the sea surface temperature ({SST}) gradient over the tropical {A}tlantic. {M}ean rainfall in the basin decreases during the 1975-2003 period at an annual rate estimated to be -0.32%. {B}reak tests show that this decrease has been particularly important since 1982. {F}urther insights into this phenomenon will permit to identify the impact of climate on the hydrology of the {AB}.},
  keywords = {rainfall variability ; rainfall regimes ; {A}mazon basin ; {A}ndes ; {S}outh ; {A}merican climate ; {P}eru ; {E}cuador ; {B}olivia ; {C}olombia ; {ENSO} ; {PDO} ; {LLJ}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {C}limatology},
  volume = {29},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {1574--1594},
  ISSN = {0899-8418},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1002/joc.1791},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048193},
}