@article{fdi:010047261,
  title = {{M}olecular epidemiology of malaria in {C}ameroon. {XXII}. {G}eographic mapping and distribution of {P}lasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ({DHFR}) mutant alleles},
  author = {{T}ahar, {R}achida and {B}asco, {L}eonardo},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}ulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ({SP}) is still a useful drug to combat chloroquine-resistant {P}lasmodium falciparum malaria in {C}ameroon. {B}ecause of several disadvantages of the in vivo test and in vitro drug sensitivity assays, molecular assays are an alternative laboratory tool to monitor the evolution of antifolate resistance, especially over the entire country that is characterized by several epidermiologic strata and malaria transmission patterns. {I}n this study, 1,430 blood samples from either symptomatic children or asymptomatic carriers were collected from 14 sites throughout the country between 1999 and 2003 for the analysis of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) sequence. {O}f 1,368 samples (95.7%) that were successfully amplified, 1,180 were analyzed by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product, and 188 were analyzed by restriction enzymes. {T}he prevalences of the wild-type, single {A}sn-108 mutation, double {A}rg-59/{A}sn-108 mutations, double {I}le-51/{A}sn-108 mutations, triple {I}le-51/{A}rg-59/{A}sn-108 mutations, and mixed alleles were 20.8%, 2.8%, 5.7%, 0.8%, 62.2%, and 7.6%, respectively. {T}he proportions of triple dhfr mutations were > 60% at all study sites, with the exception of the eastern province (42% triple mutants in {B}ertoua in 1999) and the northern provinces (11-35% triple mutants in {N}gaoundere, {G}aroua, and {M}aroua). {I}n these two provinces, the proportion of mutant parasites increased significantly ({P} < 0.05) over the period of 2-4 years. {F}urthermore, there was a higher proportion ({P} < 0.05) of wild-type parasites in the northern provinces, compared with the rest of the country. {T}he geographic mapping of molecular markers offers a novel tool for monitoring the epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}merican {J}ournal of {T}ropical {M}edicine and {H}ygiene},
  volume = {75},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {396--401},
  ISSN = {0002-9637},
  year = {2006},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047261},
}