@article{fdi:010047254,
  title = {{I}ncoming longwave radiation to melting snow : observations, sensitivity and estimation in northern environments},
  author = {{S}icart, {J}ean-{E}mmanuel and {P}omeroy, {J}.{W}. and {E}ssery, {R}.{L}.{H}. and {B}ewley, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}t high latitudes, longwave radiation can provide similar, or higher, amounts of energy to snow than shortwave radiation due to the low solar elevation (cosine effect and increased scattering due to long atmospheric path lengths). {T}his effect is magnified in mountains due to shading and longwave emissions from the complex topography. {T}his study examines longwave irradiance at the snow surface in the {W}olf {C}reek {R}esearch {B}asin, {Y}ukon {T}erritory, {C}anada (60 degrees 36'{N}, 134 degrees 57'{W}) during the springs of 2002 and 2004. {I}ncoming longwave radiation was estimated from standard meteorological measurements by segregating radiation sources into clear sky, clouds and surrounding terrain. {A} sensitivity study was conducted to detect the atmospheric and topographic conditions under which emission from adjacent terrain significantly increases the longwave irradiance. {T}he total incoming longwave radiation is more sensitive to sky view factor than to the temperature of the emitting terrain surfaces. {B}rutsaert's equation correctly simulates the clear-sky irradiance for hourly time steps using temperature and humidity. {L}ongwave emissions from clouds, which raised longwave radiation above that from clear skies by 16% on average, were best estimated using daily atmospheric shortwave transmissivity and hourly relative humidity. {A}n independent test of the estimation procedure for a prairie site near {S}askatoon, {S}askatchewan, {C}anada, indicated that the calculations are robust in late winter and spring conditions. {C}opyright (c) 2006 {J}ohn {W}iley and {S}ons, {L}td.},
  keywords = {longwave radiation ; snowmelt ; energy balance ; {N}orthern {E}nvironments ; complex terrain},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrological {P}rocesses},
  volume = {20},
  numero = {17},
  pages = {3697--3708},
  ISSN = {0885-6087},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1002/hyp.6383},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047254},
}