@article{fdi:010046320,
  title = {{I}dentification of sinkhole development mechanism based on a combined geophysical study in {N}ahal {H}ever {S}outh area ({D}ead {S}ea coast of {I}srael)},
  author = {{E}zersky, {M}. and {L}egchenko, {A}natoli and {C}amerlynck, {C}. and {A}l-{Z}oubi, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}eismic refraction, magnetic resonance sounding ({MRS}), and the transient electromagnetic ({TEM}) method were applied to investigate the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the {N}ahal {H}ever {S}outh sinkhole development area at the {D}ead {S}ea ({DS}) coast of {I}srael. {M}icrogravity and {MRS} results reliably reveal large karst cavity in the central part of investigated area. {T}he map of the seismic velocity shows that sinkholes in {N}ahal {H}ever can be divided into two major groups: sinkholes close to the salt edge and sinkholes over compact salt formations between a few tens to a hundred meters from the major cavern. {T}he present study shows that the formation of sinkholes of the first group is caused by soil collapsing into the cavern. {I}n the area occupied by sinkholes of the second group, karst was not detected either by {MRS} or by seismic diffraction methods. {TEM} results reveal shallow clay layer saturated with {DS} brine underlain sinkholes of this group. {I}t allows suggestion that the water drainage and intensive water circulation during rain events wash out fine rock particles from the unsaturated zone into the pre-existing cavern, initiating the formation of sinkholes of the second group. {K}arst development takes place at a very low bulk resistivity (< 1 {O}mega m) of the {DS} aquifer, attesting to the fact that pores are filled with a highly saline solution. {R}efilling of the karstic cavities with collapsing and flushed soil slows down sinkhole development in the area. {T}he sinkhole formation cycle at the site is estimated at 10 years. {S}inkhole development throughout the studied area is triggered by a drop in the level of the {DS}, which reduces the head of the confined aquifer and the strength of the overlain sediments.},
  keywords = {{D}ead {S}ea ; {MRS} ; {TEM} ; {P}seudo-sinkholes ; {S}eismic refraction ; {S}inkholes},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {G}eology},
  volume = {58},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1123--1141},
  ISSN = {0943-0105},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00254-008-1591-7},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046320},
}