@article{fdi:010046273,
  title = {{H}ighly focused anopheline breeding sites and malaria transmission in {D}akar},
  author = {{M}achault, {V}. and {G}adiaga, {L}ibasse and {V}ignolles, {C}. and {J}arjaval, {F}. and {B}ouzid, {S}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {L}acaux, {J}. {P}. and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {R}ogier, {C}. and {P}ages, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {U}rbanization has a great impact on the composition of the vector system and malaria transmission dynamics. {I}n {D}akar, some malaria cases are autochthonous but parasite rates and incidences of clinical malaria attacks have been recorded at low levels. {E}cological heterogeneity of malaria transmission was investigated in {D}akar, in order to characterize the {A}nopheles breeding sites in the city and to study the dynamics of larval density and adult aggressiveness in ten characteristically different urban areas. {M}ethods: {T}en study areas were sampled in {D}akar and {P}ikine. {M}osquitoes were collected by human landing collection during four nights in each area (120 person-nights). {T}he {P}lasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite ({CSP}) index was measured by {ELISA} and the entomological inoculation rates ({EIR}) were calculated. {O}pen water collections in the study areas were monitored weekly for physico-chemical characterization and the presence of anopheline larvae. {A}dult mosquitoes and hatched larvae were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. {R}esults: {I}n {S}eptember-{O}ctober 2007, 19,451 adult mosquitoes were caught among which, 1,101 were {A}nopheles gambiae s.l. {T}he {H}uman {B}iting {R}ate ranged from 0.1 bites per person per night in {Y}off {V}illage to 43.7 in {A}lmadies. {S}even out of 1,101 {A}n. gambiae s.l. were found to be positive for {P}. falciparum ({CSP} index = 0.64%). {EIR} ranged from 0 infected bites per person per year in {Y}off {V}illage to 16.8 in {A}lmadies. {T}he {A}n. gambiae complex population was composed of {A}nopheles arabiensis (94.8%) and {A}nopheles melas (5.2%). {N}one of the {A}n. melas were infected with {P}. falciparum. {O}f the 54 water collection sites monitored, 33 (61.1%) served as anopheline breeding sites on at least one observation. {N}o {A}n. melas was identified among the larval samples. {S}ome physico-chemical characteristics of water bodies were associated with the presence/absence of anopheline larvae and with larval density. {A} very close parallel between larval and adult densities was found in six of the ten study areas. {C}onclusion: {T}he results provide evidence of malaria transmission in downtown {D}akar and its surrounding suburbs. {S}patial heterogeneity of human biting rates was very marked and malaria transmission was highly focal. {I}n {D}akar, mean figures for transmission would not provide a comprehensive picture of the entomological situation; risk evaluation should therefore be undertaken on a small scale.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {},
  pages = {138},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1186/1475-2875-8-138},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046273},
}