@article{fdi:010046244,
  title = {{A}n absolute calibration site for radar altimeters in the continental domain : lake {I}ssykkul in {C}entral {A}sia},
  author = {{C}r{\'e}taux, {J}. {F}. and {C}almant, {S}t{\'e}phane and {R}omanovski, {V}. and {S}habunin, {A}. and {L}yard, {F}. and {B}erg{\'e} {N}guyen, {M}. and {C}azenave, {A}. and {H}ernandez, {F}abrice and {P}erosanz, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}ltimetry missions such as {T}opex/{P}oseidon, {J}ason-1, {GFO} and {ENVISAT} have been widely used in the continental domain over lakes, rivers and wetland although they were mostly dedicated to oceanic studies. {K}nowledge of the instrumental biases is a key issue. {N}umerous sites have been dedicated to calibration purposes, either in the oceanic domain ({H}arvest offshore platform in {C}alifornia, {C}orsica, {B}ass {S}trait in {A}ustralia) or over lakes ({L}ake {E}rie in {U}nited {S}tates). {A} new site ({L}ake {I}ssykkul in {K}irghizstan) is proposed for calibration in the continental domain. {T}his lake is covered by past ({T}/{P}) and current radar altimetry satellites ({J}ason-1, {T}/{P}, {GFO}, and {ENVISAT}). {S}everal in situ water levels and local meteorological variables are available at the site. {L}ocated in a mountainous area, it offers an opportunity for calibration far away from all other existing sites and very different environment contexts. {T}wo {GPS} campaigns have been conducted on the lake in 2004 and in 2005. {T}hey consisted of cruises with stations installed onboard a boat following the satellite ground tracks, and onshore settings. {T}his enabled estimating a bias for each altimeter and each tracking algorithm available. {B}iases obtained for {E}nvisat, {GFO}, {T}/{P} and {J}ason-1 using the default ocean tracker (respectively, 48.1 +/- 6.6, 7.5 +/- 4.0, 0 +/- 4.3 and 7.0 +/- 5.5 cm) agree with biases published at the other calibration sites. {F}or {J}ason-1, there is a significant disagreement with results obtained in the ocean field (7 cm instead of 13 cm) but is coherent with bias obtained on the {L}ake {E}rie site. {E}rroneous estimates of the sea state bias correction from non-oceanic-like waveforms is discussed as a possible explanation. {E}rrors in the ionospheric, wet and dry tropospheric corrections for the continental domain are also highlighted and quantified.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eodesy},
  volume = {83},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {723--735},
  ISSN = {0949-7714},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00190-008-0289-7},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046244},
}