@article{fdi:010046240,
  title = {{M}alaria vectors and transmission dynamics in {G}oulmoun, a rural city in south-western {C}had},
  author = {{K}erah -{H}inzoumb{\'e}, {C}. and {P}{\'e}ka, {M}. and {A}ntonio-{N}kondjio, {C}. and {D}onan-{G}ouni, {I}. and {A}wono-{A}mbene, {P}. and {S}am{\'e}-{E}kobo, {A}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {K}nowledge of some baseline entomological data such as {E}ntomological {I}noculation {R}ates ({EIR}) is crucially needed to assess the epidemiological impact of malaria control activities directed either against parasites or vectors. {I}n {C}had, most published surveys date back to the 1960's. {I}n this study, anopheline species composition and their relation to malaria transmission were investigated in a dry {S}udanian savannas area of {C}had. {M}ethods: {A} 12-month longitudinal survey was conducted in the irrigated rice-fields area of {G}oulmoun in south western {C}had. {H}uman landing catches were performed each month from {J}uly 2006 to {J}une 2007 in three compounds (indoors and outdoors) and pyrethrum spray collections were conducted in {J}uly, {A}ugust and {O}ctober 2006 in 10 randomly selected rooms. {M}osquitoes belonging to the {A}nopheles gambiae complex and to the {A}n. funestus group were identified by molecular diagnostic tools. {P}lasmodium falciparum infection and blood meal sources were detected by {ELISA}. {R}esults: {N}ine anopheline species were collected by the two sampling methods. {T}he most aggressive species were {A}n. arabiensis (51 bites/human/night), {A}n. pharoensis (12.5 b/h/n), {A}n. funestus (1.5 b/h/n) and {A}n. ziemanni (1.3 b/h/n). {T}he circumsporozoite protein rate was 1.4% for {A}n. arabiensis, 1.4% for {A}n. funestus, 0.8% for {A}n. pharoensis and 0.5% for {A}n. ziemanni. {M}alaria transmission is seasonal, lasting from {A}pril to {D}ecember. {H}owever, more than 80% of the total {EIR} was concentrated in the period from {A}ugust to {O}ctober. {T}he overall annual {EIR} was estimated at 311 bites of infected anophelines/human/year, contributed mostly by {A}n. arabiensis (84.5%) and {A}n. pharoensis (12.2%). {A}nopheles funestus and {A}n. ziemanni played a minor role. {P}arasite inoculation occurred mostly after 22: 00 hours but around 20% of bites of infected anophelines were distributed earlier in the evening. {C}onclusion: {T}he present study revealed the implication of {A}n. pharoensis in malaria transmission in the irrigated rice fields of {G}oulmoun, complementing the major role played by {A}n. arabiensis. {T}he transmission period did not depend upon irrigation. {C}orrect use of insecticide treated nets in this area may be effective for vector control although additional protective measures are needed to prevent pre-bedtime exposure to the bites of infected anophelines.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {71},
  ISSN = {1471-2334},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2334-9-71},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046240},
}