@article{fdi:010046161,
  title = {{E}xtreme inbreeding in {L}eishmania braziliensis},
  author = {{R}ougeron, {V}irginie and {D}e {M}eeûs, {T}hierry and {H}ide, {M}allorie and {W}aleckx, {E}. and {B}ermudez, {H}. and {A}revalo, {J}. and {L}lanos-{C}uentas, {A}. and {D}ujardin, {J}.{C}. and {D}e {D}oncker, {S}. and {L}e {R}ay, {D}. and {A}yala, {F}.{J}. and {B}anuls, {A}nne-{L}aure},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}eishmania species of the subgenus {V}iannia and especially {L}eishmania braziliensis are responsible for a large proportion of {N}ew {W}orld leishmaniasis cases. {T}he reproductive mode of {L}eishmania species has often been assumed to be predominantly clonal, but remains unsettled. {W}e have investigated the genetic polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci on 124 human strains of {L}eishmania braziliensis from 2 countries, {P}eru and {B}olivia. {T}here is substantial genetic diversity, with an average of 12.4 +/- 4.4 alleles per locus. {T}here is linkage disequilibrium at a genome-wide scale, as well as a substantial heterozygote deficit (more than 50% the expected value from {H}ardy-{W}einberg equilibrium), which indicates high levels of inbreeding. {T}hese observations are inconsistent with a strictly clonal model of reproduction, which implies excess heterozygosity. {M}oreover, there is large genetic heterogeneity between populations within countries ({W}ahlund effect), which evinces a strong population structure at a microgeographic scale. {O}ur findings are compatible with the existence of population foci at a microgeographic scale, where clonality alternates with sexuality of an endogamic nature, with possible occasional recombination events between individuals of different genotypes. {T}hese findings provide key clues on the ecology and transmission patterns of {L}eishmania parasites.},
  keywords = {clonality ; microsatellites ; population genetics ; endogamyl ; heterozygote defiency},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {106},
  numero = {25},
  pages = {10224--10229},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.0904420106},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046161},
}