@article{fdi:010046146,
  title = {{D}evelopment and application of an antibody-{ELISA} to follow up a {T}rypanosoma evansi outbreak in a dromedary camel herd in {F}rance},
  author = {{D}esquesnes, {M}. and {B}ossard, {G}. and {T}hevenon, {S}. and {P}atrel, {D}elphine and {R}avel, {S}ophie and {P}avlovic, {D}jamila and {H}erder, {S}t{\'e}phane and {P}atout, {O}. and {L}epetitcolin, {E}. and {H}ollzmuller, {P}. and {B}erthier, {D}. and {J}acquiet, {P}. and {C}uny, {G}{\'e}rard},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}n outbreak of trypanosomosis was observed for the first time in metropolitan {F}rance in {O}ctober 2006, when five camels were proved to be infected by {T}rypanosoma evansi using parasitological methods. {T}he parasite was isolated and used to produce a soluble antigen for antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ({ELISA}) in a protocol derived from a method previously developed for sheep and humans but using protein {A} conjugate. {T}he animals were treated on three instances, alternatively with melarsomine hydrochloride and quinapyramine and followed up on a monthly basis for 2 years with various diagnostic techniques including parasitological, serological and {DNA}-based methods. {I}nitially, five animals were detected as being positive using {ELISA} with 83.3% concordance to parasitological tests. {I}mmediately after the first treatment, parasites and {DNA} disappeared in all animals; antibody levels decreased regularly until {ELISA} became negative 3-4 months later. {T}en months after the first treatment, parasites and antibodies were detected again in one of the camels previously found to be infected. {A} retrospective study indicated that the weight of this animal had been underestimated; consequently, it had received underdosages of both trypanocides. {H}owever, since hypotheses of re-infection or relapse could not be fully substantiated, it is not known whether the {ELISA} results for this animal were true- or false-negative over a 7-month period. {T}he study confirmed the value of this {ELISA} using protein {A} conjugate to detect antibodies directed against {T}. evansi in camels and the need to use several diagnostic techniques to optimize detection of infected animals. {A} warning is raised on surra, a potentially emerging disease in {E}urope.},
  keywords = {{T}rypanosoma evansi ; {ELISA} ; {C}amels ; {S}urra ; {CATT} ; {PCR} ; {F}rance},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{V}eterinary {P}arasitology},
  volume = {162},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {214--220},
  ISSN = {0304-4017},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.033},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046146},
}