@article{fdi:010046086,
  title = {{O}rigin and biology of {S}imian {I}mmunodeficiency {V}irus in wild-living western gorillas},
  author = {{T}akehisa, {J}. and {K}raus, {M}. {H}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {B}ailes, {E}. and {V}an {H}euverswyn, {F}ran and {D}ecker, {J}. {M}. and {L}i, {Y}. and {R}udicell, {R}. {S}. and {L}earn, {G}. {H}. and {N}eel, {C}{\'e}cile and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {S}haw, {G}. {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {S}harp, {P}. {M}. and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}estern lowland gorillas ({G}orilla gorilla gorilla) are infected with a simian immunodeficiency virus ({SIV}gor) that is closely related to chimpanzee and human immunodeficiency viruses ({SIV}cpz and {HIV}-1, respectively) in west central {A}frica. {A}lthough existing data suggest a chimpanzee origin for {SIV}gor, a paucity of available sequences has precluded definitive conclusions. {H}ere, we report the molecular characterization of one partial ({BQ}664) and three full-length ({CP}684, {CP}2135, and {CP}2139) {SIV}gor genomes amplified from fecal {RNA}s of wild-living gorillas at two field sites in {C}ameroon. {P}hylogenetic analyses showed that all {SIV}gor strains clustered together, forming a monophyletic lineage throughout their genomes. {I}nterestingly, the closest relatives of {SIV}gor were not {SIV}cpz{P}tt strains from west central {A}frican chimpanzees ({P}an troglodytes troglodytes) but human viruses belonging to {HIV}-1 group {O}. {I}n trees derived from most genomic regions, {SIV}gor and {HIV}-1 group {O} formed a sister clade to the {SIV}cpz{P}tt lineage. {H}owever, in a tree derived from 5' pol sequences (similar to 900 bp), {SIV}gor and {HIV}-1 group {O} fell within the {SIV}cpz{P}tt radiation. {T}he latter was due to two {SIV}cpz{P}tt strains that contained mosaic pol sequences, pointing to the existence of a divergent {SIV}cpz{P}tt lineage that gave rise to {SIV}gor and {HIV}-1 group {O}. {G}orillas appear to have acquired this lineage at least 100 to 200 years ago. {T}o examine the biological properties of {SIV}gor, we synthesized a full-length provirus from fecal consensus sequences. {T}ransfection of the resulting clone ({CP}2139.287) into 293{T} cells yielded infectious virus that replicated efficiently in both human and chimpanzee {CD}4(+) {T} cells and used {CCR}5 as the coreceptor for viral entry. {T}ogether, these results provide strong evidence that {P}. t. troglodytes apes were the source of {SIV}gor. {T}hese same apes may also have spawned the group {O} epidemic; however, the possibility that gorillas served as an intermediary host cannot be excluded.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}irology},
  volume = {83},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {1635--1648},
  ISSN = {0022-538{X}},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1128/jvi.02311-08},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046086},
}