Rouamba J. auteur aut IRD Jamonneau Vincent auteur aut IRD Sidibé I. auteur aut IRD Solano Philippe auteur aut IRD Courtin Fabrice auteur aut IRD text journalArticle fre text/pdf reformatted digital access In Burkina Faso, the Mouhoun river basin (formerly 'Black Volta") constitutes a historical focus of Human (HAT) and Animal (AAT) African Tryponosomoses, both transmitted by tsetse flies. Nowadays, HAT seems to have disappeared from this area, while AAT still causes severe economic losses. In order to explain these different epidemiological situations, we undertook a geographical study based on the analysis of aerial pictures between 1952 and 2007, and field surveys to collect medical, entomological, and veterinary data on trypanosomoses. Our results suggest that in this area, landscapes have been dramatically modified as a consequence of population growth, and in turn have had an impact on the number and distribution of tsetse flies. Combined with the historical medical action on HAT which probably led to the disappearance of T. b. gambiense, this environmental degradation and the development of hydrological structures provide explanations for the local disappearance of HAT, and for the maintenance of AAT. It appears necessary to extrapolate these studies to other areas in order to identify the factors explaining the presence/absence of trypanosomoses in the context of human population growth and climatic changes, in order specialized Burkina Faso trypanosomosis tsetse landscape history geography settlement BURKINA FASO 052 16 1 11-19 2009 1252-607X https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044378 10.1051/parasite/2009161011 1252-607X [F B010044378] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044378 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers15-10/010044378.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2009-05-13 2017-01-26 fdi:010044378 fre