@article{fdi:010044249,
  title = {{P}hylogenetic analysis reveals the presence of the {T}rypanosoma cruzi clade in {A}frican terrestrial mammals},
  author = {{H}amilton, {P}. {B}. and {A}dams, {E}. {R}. and {N}jiokou, {F}. and {G}ibson, {W}. {C}. and {C}uny, {G}{\'e}rard and {H}erder, {S}t{\'e}phane},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}espite the impact of some trypanosome species on human and livestock health, the full diversity of trypanosomes in {A}frica is poorly understood. {A} recent study examined the prevalence of trypanosomes among a wide variety of wild vertebrates in {C}ameroon using species-specific {PCR} tests, but six trypanosome isolates remained {U}nidentified. {H}ere they have been re-examined using fluorescent fragment length barcoding ({FFLB}) and phylogenetic analysis of glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase g{GAPDH} and 18{S} ribosomal {RNA} (r{DNA}) genes. {I}solates from a monkey ({C}ercopithecus nictitans) and a palm civet ({N}andinia binotata) belonged to the {T}ryponosoma cruzi clade, known previously only from {N}ew {W}orld and {A}ustralian terrestrial mammals, and bats from {A}frica, {E}urope and {S}outh {A}merica. {O}f the {F}our other isolates, three from antelope were identified as {T}ryponosoma theileri, and one from a crocodile as {T} grayi. {T}his is the first report of trypanosomes of the {T} cruzi clade in {A}frican terrestrial mammals and expands the clade's known global distribution in terrestrial mammals. {P}reviously it has been hypothesized that {A}frican and {N}ew {W}orld trypanosomes diverged after continental separation, dating the divergence to around 100 million years ago. {T}he new evidence instead suggests that intercontinental transfer occurred well after this, possibly via bats or rodents, allowing these trypanosomes to establish and evolve in {A}frican terrestrial mammals, and questioning the validity of calibrating trypanosome molecular trees using continental separation. {C}rown {C}opyright (c) 2008 {P}ublished by {E}lsevier {L}td. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {{B}arcoding ; {FFLB} ; {R}ibosomal {RNA} gene ; {T}rypanosoma ; {B}iodiversity ; {E}volution ; {GAPDH} ; {M}olecular dating},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {81--86},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2008.10.011},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044249},
}