Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Comptes Rendus Biologies 964-972 Developing countries Health care systems Health care finance Macroeconomic growth AIDS Infectious diseases 2008 fdi:010044231 FRE Comptes Rendus Biologies 1631-0691 ISI:000262337100009 12 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.08.014 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044231 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2009/02/010044231.pdf 331 Horizon (IRD) Since the start of the new century, development aid targeted on health care has seen an unprecedented rise, driven by the fight against AIDS. This article shows how this struggle has been accompanied with a renewal of the economic paradigms governing international action in favour of health care in developing countries: the idea that an improvement in health care constitutes an unavoidable prerequisite to macroeconomic growth, rather than a consequence; the insistence on the founding of mechanisms for health insurance to finance the costs of health care, rather than covering the costs at the point of use by the health care users; a concern to impose price differentials for access to medicine in developing countries, and to introduce flexibility in the regulation of international intellectual property law; the priority to vertical programmes targeted on certain illnesses, thought to act as levers for a global reinforcement of health care systems. This article discusses the pertinence of these new paradigms in light of the evolution of the AIDS/HIV epidemic, and the international context. To cite this article: J.R Moatti, C R. Biologies 331 (2008). 050 ; 096 UR912