@article{fdi:010044193,
  title = {{M}utualism between euryhaline tilapia {S}arotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and {C}hlorella sp.-{I}mplications for nano-algal production in warmwater phytoplankton-based recirculating systems},
  author = {{G}illes, {S}ylvain and {L}acroix, {G}. and {C}orbin, {D}aniel and {B}a, {N}gansoumana and {L}una, {C}. {I}. and {N}andjui, {J}. and {O}uattara, {A}. and {O}uedraogo, {O}. and {L}azzaro, {X}avier},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {W}est-{A}frican euryhaline tilapia, {S}arotherodon melanotheron heudelotii shift from visually feeding on zooplankton when juveniles to mostly filter feeding on phytoplankton when adults. {W}hen reared using an appropriate ration in intensive aquaculture systems, {S}. m. heudelotii also consume algal-based detritus, and contribute to sediment mineralization, clean up their environment, and ultimately stimulate and sustain algal growth. {W}e analysed such practical advantages for phytoplankton-based recirculating systems, using {S}. m. heudelotii and {C}hlorella sp. as biological material originating from the prototype of such a system operated in {S}enegal. {W}e performed a 24-h factorial design experiment in 36 tubs, cross-classifying three levels of {S}. m. heudelotii (fishless control, unfed fish, and fed fish) with four levels of {C}hlorella initial density. {C}hlorella overall mean density increased significantly from fishless, to unfed fish, and fed fish treatments, and with {C}hlorella initial density. {S}. m. heudelotii did not alter nitrogen nor phosphorus concentrations, only affected by algal initial densities. {M}ost ammonia excreted by fish was probably uptaken by {C}hlorella. {B}acteria-mediated diurnal nitrification was possibly an alternative ammonium loss mechanism at highest oxygen concentrations. {A}lgae were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus but most likely by low dissolved organic carbon availability. {C}hlorella differential responses with fed vs. unfed {S}arotherodon suggest that {CO}2 supplied by heterotrophic {S}. m. heudelotii respiration played a key role. {O}bserved {C}hlorella growth rates were similar to the highest rates obtained in algal mass cultures, enriched with {CO}2, nitrate and phosphate, under artificial lighting. {O}ur results suggest the existence of a {S}arotherodon-{C}hlorella mutualism in our systems, where {S}. m. heudelotii provide {CO}2, the major limiting factor of {C}hlorella growth, whereas {C}hlorella oxygenate and detoxify the water media from ammonia, promoting {S}. m. heudelotii production. {T}his mutualism could be used to optimize photosynthetic suspended-growth aquaculture systems, particularly in the {T}ropics where light is abundant and temperature is continuously high.},
  keywords = {{T}ilapia {S}arotherodon melanotheron heudelotii ; {C}hlorella ; {CO}2-limitation ; {F}ish-algae mutualism ; {P}hotosynthetic recycling ; aquaculture system ; {P}hytoplankton mass production},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quacultural {E}ngineering},
  volume = {39},
  numero = {2-3},
  pages = {113--121},
  ISSN = {0144-8609},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.09.001},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044193},
}