Courtin D. auteur aut IRD Berthier D. auteur aut IRD Thevenon S. auteur aut IRD Dayo G. K. auteur aut IRD Garcia André auteur aut IRD Bucheton Bruno auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access In Africa, the protozoan parasite of the genus Trypanosoma causes animal (AAT) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). These diseases are responsible for considerable mortality and economic losses, and until now the drugs commonly used have often been very toxic and expensive, with no vaccine available. A range of clinical presentations, from chronic to acute symptoms, is observed in both AAT and HAT. Host, parasite, and environmental factors are likely to be involved in this clinical variability. In AAT, some West African cattle (N'Dama, Bos taurus) have the ability to better control the disease development (and therefore to remain productive) than other taurine breeds (Zebu, Bos indicus). This phenomenon is called trypanotolerance and seems to have major genetic components. In humans, tolerance/resistance to the disease is suspected, however, this needs confirmation. This review focuses on recent advances made in the field of host genetics in African trypanosomiasis in animals (mouse and bovine) and humans. The perspectives for the development of new control strategies and their applications as well as a better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease are discussed. specialized trypanotolerance genetic susceptibility Trypanosoma brucei human African trypanosomiasis animal African trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness 052 8 3 229-238 2008 1567-1348 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010042621 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.02.007 1567-1348 [F B010042621] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010042621 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2008/06/010042621.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2008-06-27 2017-08-23 fdi:010042621 fre