@article{fdi:010042611,
  title = {{T}owards a fuller understanding of mosquito behaviour : use of electrocuting grids to compare the odour-orientated responses of {A}nopheles arabiensis and {A}n. quadriannulatus in the field},
  author = {{T}orr, {S}. and {D}ella {T}orre, {A}. and {C}alzetta, {M}. and {C}ostantini, {C}arlo and {V}ale, {G}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he epidemiological role of and control options for any mosquito species depend on its degree of 'anthropophily'. {H}owever, the behavioural basis of this term is poorly understood. {A}ccordingly, studies in {Z}imbabwe quantified the effects of natural odours from cattle and humans, and synthetic components of these odours, on the attraction, entry and landing responses of {A}nopheles arabiensis {G}iles ({D}iptera: {C}ulicidae) and {A}nopheles quadriannulatus {T}heobald. {T}he numbers of mosquitoes attracted to human or cattle odour were compared using electrocuting nets ({E}-nets), and entry responses were gauged by the catch from an odour-baited entry trap ({OBET}) relative to that from an odour-baited {E}-net. {L}anding responses were estimated by comparing the catches from {E}-nets and cloth targets covered with an electrocuting grid. {F}or {A}n. arabiensis, {E}-nets baited with odour from a single ox or a single man caught similar numbers, and increasing the dose of human odour from one to three men increased the catch four-fold. {F}or {A}n. quadriannulatus, catches from {E}-nets increased up to six-fold in the progression: man, three men, ox, and man + ox, with catch being correlated with bait mass. {E}ntry responses of {A}n. arabiensis were stronger with human odour (entry response 62%) than with ox odour (6%) or a mixture of cattle and human odours (15%). {F}or {A}n. quadriannulatus, the entry response was low (< 2%) with both cattle and human odour. {A}nopheles arabiensis did not exhibit a strong entry response to carbon dioxide ({CO}2) (0.2-2 {L}/min). {T}he trends observed using {OBET}s and {E}-nets also applied to mosquitoes approaching and entering a hut. {C}atches from an electrocuting target baited with either {CO}2 or a blend of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 4-methylphenol and 3-n-propylphenol - components of natural ox odour - showed that virtually all mosquitoes arriving there alighted on it. {T}he propensity of {A}n. arabiensis to enter human habitation seemed to be mediated by odours other than {CO}2 alone. {C}haracterizing 'anthropophily' by comparing the numbers of mosquitoes caught by traps baited with different host odours can lead to spurious conclusions; {OBET}s baited with human odour caught around two to four times more {A}n. arabiensis than cattle-baited {OBET}s, whereas a human-baited {E}-net caught less (similar to 0.7) {A}n. arabiensis than a cattle-baited {E}-net. {S}imilar caution is warranted for other species of mosquito vectors. {A} fuller understanding of how to exploit mosquito behaviour for control and surveys requires wider approaches and more use of appropriate tools.},
  keywords = {{A}nopheles arabiensis ; {A}nopheles quadriannulatus ; anthropophilic ; electric nets ; feeding behaviour ; host odours ; malaria vector ; zoophilic ; {Z}imbabwe},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}edical and {V}eterinary {E}ntomology},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {93--108},
  ISSN = {0269-283{X}},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00723.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010042611},
}