@article{fdi:010041541,
  title = {{S}ustainable exploitation of small pelagic fish stocks challenged by environmental and ecosystem changes : a review},
  author = {{F}r{\'e}on, {P}ierre and {C}ury, {P}hilippe and {S}hannon, {L}. and {R}oy, {C}laude},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}mall pelagic fish contribute up to 50% of the total landing of marine species. {T}hey are most abundant in upwelling areas and contribute to food security. {E}xploited stocks of these species are prone to large interannual and interdecadal variation of abundance as well as to collapse. {W}e discuss why small pelagic fish and fisheries are so "special" with regard to their biology, ecology, and behavior. {T}wo adjectives can sum up the characteristics of pelagic species: variability and instability. {A}nalyses of the relationships between small pelagic fish and their physical environment at different time-scales illustrate the complexity of the interplay between exploitation and environmental impacts. {H}ow small pelagic fish species are positioned and related within the trophic web suggests that these species play a central role in the functioning and dynamics of upwelling ecosystems. {F}inally, we discuss the sustainable exploitation of small pelagic fisheries through appropriate management, focusing on the resilience to exploitation, a comparison of different management options and regulatory mechanisms. {W}e recommend that statistical, socio-economical, and political merits of a proposed two-level (short- and long-term) management strategy be undertaken.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}ulletin of {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {76},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {385--462},
  ISSN = {0007-4977},
  year = {2005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010041541},
}