@article{fdi:010040856,
  title = {{I}solates of {Z}aire ebolavirus from wild apes reveal genetic lineage and recombinants},
  author = {{W}ittmann, {T}. {J}. and {B}iek, {R}. and {H}assanin, {A}. and {R}ouquet, {P}. and {R}eed, {P}. and {Y}aba, {P}. and {P}ourrut, {X}avier and {R}eal, {L}. {A}. and {G}onzalez, {J}ean-{P}aul and {L}eroy, {E}ric {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}ver the last 30 years, {Z}aire ebolavirus ({ZEBOV}), a virus highly pathogenic for humans and wild apes, has emerged repeatedly in {C}entral {A}frica. {T}hus far, only a few virus isolates have been characterized genetically, all belonging to a single genetic lineage and originating exclusively from infected human patients. {H}ere, we describe the first {ZEBOV} sequences isolated from great ape carcasses in the {G}abon/{C}ongo region that belong to a previously unrecognized genetic lineage. {A}ccording to our estimates, this lineage, which we also encountered in the two most recent human outbreaks in the {R}epublic of the {C}ongo in 2003 and 2005, diverged from the previously known viruses around the time of the first documented human outbreak in 1976. {T}hese results suggest that virus spillover from the reservoir has occurred more than once, as predicted by the multiple emergence hypothesis. {H}owever, the young age of both {ZEBOV} lineages and the spatial and temporal sequence of outbreaks remain at odds with the idea that the virus simply emerged from a long-established and widespread reservoir population. {B}ased on data from two {ZEBOV} genes, we also demonstrate, within the family {F}iloviridae, recombination between the two lineages. {A}ccording to our estimates, this event took place between 1996 and 2001 and gave rise to a group of recombinant viruses that were responsible for a series of outbreaks in 2001-2003. {T}he potential for recombination adds an additional level of complexity to unraveling and potentially controlling the emergence of {ZEBOV} in humans and wildlife species.},
  keywords = {phylogeny ; emergence ; {F}iloviridae ; nucleoprotein ; glycoprotein},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {104},
  numero = {43},
  pages = {17123--17127},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.0704076104},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040856},
}