@article{fdi:010040705,
  title = {{L}ong-lasting protection against canine visceral leishmaniasis using the {L}i{ESA}p-{MDP} vaccine in endemic areas of {F}rance : {D}ouble-blind randomised efficacy field trial},
  author = {{L}emesre, {J}ean-{L}oup and {H}olzmuller, {P}hilippe and {B}ras {G}oncalves, {R}achel and {B}ourdoiseau, {G}. and {H}ugnet, {C}. and {C}avaleyra, {M}ireille and {P}apierok, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{V}accination against visceral leishmaniasis has received limited attention compared with cutaneous leishmaniasis, although the need for an effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis is pressing. {D}ogs constitute the major reservoir of {L}eishmania infantum/chagasi responsible for human visceral leishmaniasis. {W}e have recently demonstrated that the combination of naturally excreted/secreted antigens, easily purified from culture supernatant of {L}eishmania infantum promastigotes ({L}i{ESA}p) as vaccine antigen in formulation with muramyl dipeptide ({MDP}) as adjuvant, conferred 100% protection to dogs experimentally infected with {L}. infantum by inducing in vaccinees a significant, stable and long-lasting {T}h1-type cell response [{L}emesre {JL}, {H}olzmuller {P}, {C}avaleyra {M}, {B}ras {G}oncalves {R}, {H}ottin {G}, {P}apierok {G}. {P}rotection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis infection in dogs immunised with purified excreted secreted antigens of {L}. infantum promastigotes. {V}accine 2005; 23:2825-2840; {H}olzmuller {P}, {C}avaleyra {M}, {M}oreaux {J}, {K}ovacic {R}, {V}incendeau {P}, {P}apierok {G}, {L}emesre {JL}. {L}ymphocytes of dogs immunised with purified excreted secreted antigens of {L}. infantum co-incubated with {L}eishmania-infected macrophages produce {IFN}gamma resulting in nitric oxide-mediated amastigote apoptosis. {V}et. {I}mmunol. {I}mmunopathol. 2005, 106:247-257]. {I}n this report, protection against visceral leishmaniasis is investigated in naturally exposed dogs of endemic areas of the {S}outh of {F}rance vaccinated with {L}i{ESA}p/{MDP} vaccine. {A} double-blind randomised efficacy field trial was developed on a large-scale dog population composed of vaccinees (n = 205) and placebo-treated animals (n = 209), which were prospectively studied for a 2-year period. {O}f the initial 414 enrolled dogs, 340 (175 controls and 165 vaccinees) were analysed for clinical, serological and parasitological studies at 24 months post-vaccination, after two sand fly seasons. {S}trong seroconversion disclosed by an {L}. infantum indirect immunofluorescence antibody test ({IFAT}) associated with suspicious clinical symptoms, considered an indication that the animals had an established progressive infection, was only observed in the placebo group. {T}he seropositive and/or symptomatic dogs were selected for further examination for possible {L}eishmania infection by culturing parasites from bone-marrow aspirate. {T}he presence of leishmanial infection was also evaluated by means of the {PCR} analysis of bone marrow samples in all enrolled dogs prior to vaccination and in all evaluated animals (175 controls and 165 vaccinees) at 24 months post-vaccination. {A}fter two transmission cycles completed, the {L}eishmania infection rate was 0.61% (1/165) in vaccinated dogs and 6.86% (12/175) in the placebo group. {T}he efficacy of the vaccine was calculated to be 92% ({P} = 0.002). {A} clear difference between the dogs that received vaccine and those that received placebo was also established by the results of their immune status. {I}ncreased anti-{L}i{ESA}p {I}g{G}2 reactivity and significant enhanced {NO}-mediated anti-leishmanial activity of canine macrophages in response to higher {IFN}-gamma production by {T} cells were almost exclusively revealed in vaccinees. {T}he {L}i{ESA}p-{MDP} vaccine induced a significant, long-lasting and strong protective effect against canine visceral leishmaniasis in the field.},
  keywords = {canine visceral leishmaniasis ; excreted secreted antigens ; {L}i{ESA}p {MDP} vaccine ; protection ; immune responses},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{V}accine},
  volume = {25},
  numero = {21},
  pages = {4223--4234},
  ISSN = {0264-410{X}},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.083},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040705},
}