Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Tropical Medicine and International Health 886-894 falciparum malaria chloroquine sulfadoxine pyrimethamine mefloquine drug efficacy benin 2007 fdi:010040704 ENG Tropical Medicine and International Health 1360-2276 CC:0002475620-0012 7 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01859.x https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040704 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2024-12/010040704.pdf 12 Horizon (IRD) Objective To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and mefloquine (MQ) in children presenting with uncomplicated malaria in Benin. Methods Drug efficacy was tested according to the WHO in vivo 28-day protocol. For failures that occurred after 7 days of follow-up, paired pre- and post-treatment blood samples were genotyped at msp1 and msp2 loci to distinguish new infections and recrudescent strains. Children enrolled were randomly assigned to a therapeutic group (CQ, n = 14; SP, n = 42; MQ, n = 44). The number of CQ treatment was intentionally restricted after 1 month, as its use was considered to constitute a danger for children. Results Chloroquine and SP showed very high failure rates (85.7% and 50%, respectively), whereas MQ treatment was successful in 97.5%. The molecular tool allowed to re-evaluate two new infections previously considered as failures. Conclusions Chloroquine should no longer be used to treat children presenting with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Benin. 052