@article{fdi:010040600,
  title = {{P}opulation genetic structure of {P}lasmodium falciparum in the two main {A}frican vectors, {A}nopheles gambiae and {A}nopheles funestus},
  author = {{A}nnan, {Z}einab and {D}urand, {P}atrick and {A}yala, {F}.{J}. and {A}rnathau, {C}{\'e}line and {A}wono {A}mbene, {P}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {R}azakandrainibe, {F}. {G}. and {K}oella, {J}.{C}. and {F}ontenille, {D}idier and {R}enaud, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e investigated patterns of genetic diversity of {P}lasmodium falciparum associated with its two main {A}frican vectors : {A}nopheles gambiae and {A}nopheles funestus. {W}e dissected 10,296 wild-caught mosquitoes from three tropical sites, two in {C}ameroon ({S}imbock and {T}ibati, separated by 320 km) and one in {K}enya ({R}ota, > 2,000 km from the other two sites). {W}e assayed seven microsatellite loci in 746 oocysts from 183 infected mosquito guts. {G}enetic polymorphism was very high in parasites isolated from both vector species. {T}he expected heterozygosity ({H}-{E}) was 0.79 in both species; the observed heterozygosities ({H}-{O}) were 0.32 in {A}. funestus and 0.42 in {A}. gambiae, indicating considerable inbreeding within both vector species. {M}ean selfing (s) between genetically identical gametes was s = 0.33. {D}ifferences in the rate of inbreeding were statistically insignificant among sites and between the two vector species. {A}s expected, because of the high rate of inbreeding, linkage disequilibrium was very high; it was significant for all 21 loci pairs in {A}. gambiae and for 15 of 21 pairs in {A}. funestus, although only two pairwise comparisons were between loci on the same chromosome. {O}verall, the genetic population structure of {A} falciparum, as evaluated by {F} statistics, was predominantly clonal rather than panmictic, a population structure that facilitates the spread of antimalarial drug and vaccine resistance and thus may impair the effectiveness of malaria control efforts.},
  keywords = {malaria ; epidemiology ; evolutionary genetics ; {C}ameroon ; {K}enya ; {CAMEROUN} ; {KENYA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {104},
  numero = {19},
  pages = {7987--7992},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.0702715104},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040600},
}