Hubert Nicolas auteur aut IRD Duponchelle Fabrice auteur aut IRD Nunez Jesus auteur aut IRD Garcia Davila C. auteur aut IRD Paugy Didier auteur aut IRD Renno Jean-François auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access The phylogenetic relationships within the piranhas were assessed using mitochondrial sequences with the aim of testing several hypotheses proposed to explain the origin of Neotropical diversity (palaeogeography, hydrogeology and museum hypotheses). Sequences of the ribosomal 16S gene (510 bp) and control region (980 bp) were obtained from 15 localities throughout the main South American rivers for 21 of the 28 extant piranha species. The results indicate that the genus Serrasalmus is monophyletic and comprises three major clades. The phylogeographical analyses of these clades allowed the identification of five vicariant events, extensive dispersal and four lineage duplications suggesting the occurrence of sympatric speciation. Biogeographical patterns are consistent with the prediction made by the museum hypothesis that lineages from the Precambrian shields are older than those from the lowlands of the Amazon. The vicariant events inferred here match the distribution of the palaeoarches and several postdispersal speciation events are identified, thereby matching the predictions of the palaeogeography and hydrogeology hypotheses, respectively. Molecular clock calibration of the control region sequences indicates that the main lineages differentiated from their most recent common ancestor at 9 million years ago in the proto Amazon-Orinoco and the present rate of diversification is the highest reported to date for large carnivorous Characiformes. The present results emphasize that an interaction among geology, sea-level changes, and hydrography created opportunities for cladogenesis in the piranhas at different temporal and geographical scales. specialized Amazon biogeography Brooks parsimony analysis molecular clock mtDNA phylogeny piranha 036 16 10 2115-2136 2007 0962-1083 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040593 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03267.x 0962-1083 [F B010040593] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040593 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2007/07/010040593.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2007-08-06 2017-08-23 fdi:010040593 fre