@article{fdi:010037946,
  title = {{A} three-dimensional approach to school typology using vertical scanning multibeam sonar},
  author = {{P}aramo, {J}. and {B}ertrand, {S}ophie and {V}illalobos, {H}. and {G}erlotto, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{F}ish school typology is usually based on vertical echosounding images. {T}hese images provide little objective information on school structure (internal characteristics) or morphology (external characteristics). {T}his paper considers the possibility of using multibeam sonar for 3{D} recording of the external morphology and internal structure of schools, to enhance the identification of typological criteria. {W}e used recordings of 668 schools obtained from three different regions ({S}enegal, 68; {V}enezuela, 343; {M}exico, 257) on two different {C}lupeids ({V}enezuela and {S}enegal: {S}ardinella aurita; {M}exico: {S}ardinops sagax). {W}e extracted 26 parameters (4 geographical; 6 morphological; 16 structural) from each school in the data base, using geostatistics and 3{D} image-reconstruction software. {T}he schools were very homogeneous in most of their characteristics, presenting unimodal distributions of most parameters. {S}tructural variables presented a higher power of discrimination (significant differences among zones, species and positions in the water column) than morphological ones. {M}ultivariate statistics (principal component analysis followed by mixed hierarchical classification) allowed the definition of four main classes of schools. {T}he conclusion is that the structural data provided by multibeam sonar improves the possibility of obtaining a consistent typology.},
  keywords = {fish school characteristics ; multibeam sonar ; school morphology ; school internal structure},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}isheries {R}esearch},
  volume = {84},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {171--179},
  ISSN = {0165-7836},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.fishres.2006.10.023},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037946},
}