@article{fdi:010037875,
  title = {{E}xperimental investigation and modelling approach of the impact of urban wastewater on a tropical river ; a case study of the {N}hue {R}iver, {H}anoi, {V}iet {N}am},
  author = {{D}uc, {T}. {A}. and {V}achaud, {G}. and {B}onnet, {M}arie-{P}aule and {P}rieur, {N}. and {L}oi, {V}. {D}. and {A}nh, {L}. {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}nalyses of water quality and flow regime in combination with laboratory studies and ecological modelling were used to assess the water quality impact of pollution from to {T}o {L}ich {R}iver that drains through {H}anoi {C}ity and greatly contaminates the {N}hue {R}iver. {W}ith an average discharge of 26.2 m(3)/s, the {N}hue {R}iver receives about 5.8 m(3)/s of untreated domestic water from the city's main open-air-sewer - the {T}o {L}ich {R}iver. {T}he studies during 2002-2003 showed high concentrations of {BOD} (70 mg {O}-2/l), {DOC} (15 mg {C}/l), coliform (2.4e(6) {MNP}/100 ml), total phosphorus (3.5 mg {P}/l), and total nitrogen (31.6 mg {N}/l) in the {T}o {L}ich, while {DO} level was less than 1 mg {O}-2/l. {S}uch high loads of untreated wastewater impacted water quality in the {N}hue {R}iver where {DO} decreased at times to as low as 1 mg {O}-2/l. {T}he accumulation of particulate organic matter and micro-organisms in the sediments of the {N}hue represented substantial sources of nutrients and sinks for {DO}. {T}hey are also considerable production of dissolved carbon dioxide at concentrations up to two orders of magnitude higher than pressure. {S}uch pressures ({E}p{CO}(2)) are expected in polluted environments, but the results presented here are new for {V}ietnam and much of developing countries. {A} number of factors (inked to field monitoring and laboratory measurements clearly indicate the importance of autotrophic over heterotrophic biological processes and sediments. {A}n ecological model for management purposes has been developed that reliably estimates of the pollutant loads. {A}n opportunity was taken to examine the changing impacts and processes when the {T}o {L}ich was diverted from the {N}hue. {T}he monitoring and modelling of this opportunity showed low dissolved oxygen levels even if the impact from the {T}o {L}ich was lessened. {A}lternatives are proposed to alleviate problems of water quality in the {N}hue. {I}t is concluded that the treatment of the {T}o {L}ich {R}iver's water is highly recommended; otherwise a reduction to one third of current wastewater discharge is needed to bring water quality back to the environmental standard.},
  keywords = {{RWQM}1 ; {T}o {L}ich river ; {N}hue {R}iver ; {H}anoi ; pollution ; urbanisation},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrology},
  volume = {334},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {347--358},
  ISSN = {0022-1694},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.022},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037875},
}