@article{fdi:010037669,
  title = {{M}oderate transmission but high prevalence of malaria in {M}adagascar},
  author = {{R}obert, {V}incent and {L}e {G}off, {G}ilbert and {A}ndrianaivolambo, {L}. and {R}andimby, {F}. {M}. and {D}omarle, {O}. and {R}andrianarivelojosia, {M}. and {R}aharimanga, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}alaria transmission remains poorly documented in areas of low transmission. {A} study has been carried out over two consecutive years in {A}nalamiranga, a village located at an altitude of 885 m on the western edge of the {M}alagasy highlands, with the aim of generating and updating malariometric indexes for both mosquitoes and schoolchildren. {I}n this village, no vector control measures were performed during the study period nor during previous decades. {M}osquitoes were collected monthly when landing on human volunteers and in various resting-places. {B}lood samples were taken every 3 months from schoolchildren aged 6-12 years and microscopically examined. {O}f 7,480 mosquitoes collected on human subjects, 5,790 were anophelines. {T}en anopheline species were represented and three of these, {A}nopheles funestus, {A}nopheles arabiensis and {A}nopheles mascarensis, accounted for 59.2% of the collection. {O}f these three species 4,640 were also collected in resting places. {T}he proportion of mosquitoes fed on bovids was high; conversely, the anthropophilic rate (mosquitoes fed on human beings) was especially low: 31%, 7% and 1%, respectively, for {A}. funestus, {A}. arabiensis and {A}. masearensis. {T}he only confirmed malaria vector was {A}. funestus with a low sporozoite index (of 6,830 {A}. funestus, five were positive for {P}lasmodium falciparum and four for {P}lasmodium vivax). {T}he annual entomological inoculation rate (number of bites of infected anophelines per adult person) was estimated at 2.49 with low variation over the 2 years. {O}verall, 909 thick blood smears were tested from blood samples taken from schoolchildren with 30.3% being malaria-positive. {T}he four {P}lasmodium species infecting human subjects were detected in the following proportions: {P}. falciparum 78.9%, {P}. vivax 19.4%, {P}lasmodium malariae 1.0% and {P}lasmodium ovale 0.7%. {T}he proportions of children who were infected with any {P}lasmodium ranged from 10.7% in {F}ebruary to 51.0% in {S}eptember. {P}arasitemic children with fever (axillary temperature > 37.5 degrees {C}) accounted for 16.4% of the children sampled. {T}his study demonstrates that there are substantial parasitological consequences of even a relatively low entomological transmission and also recommends including exterior resting-places of mosquitoes in future spraying campaigns in the highlands of {M}adagascar. (c) 2006 {A}ustralian {S}ociety for {P}arasitology {I}nc. {P}ublished by {E}lsevier {L}td. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {malaria transmission ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {P}lasmodium vivax ; {A}nopheles funestus ; {A}nopheles arabiensis ; schoolchildren ; prevalence ; highlands},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal for {P}arasitology},
  volume = {36},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {1273--1281},
  ISSN = {0020-7519},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.06.005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037669},
}