@article{fdi:010037648,
  title = {{T}ropical versus high latitude freshwater influence on the {A}tlantic circulation},
  author = {{G}oelzer, {H}. and {M}ignot, {J}uliette and {L}evermann, {A}. and {R}ahmstorf, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e investigate the model sensitivity of the {A}tlantic meridional overturning circulation ({AMOC}) to anomalous freshwater flux in the tropical and northern {A}tlantic. {F}orcing in both locations leads to the same qualitative response: a positive freshwater anomaly induces a weakening of the {AMOC} and a negative freshwater anomaly strengthens the {AMOC}. {S}trong differences arise in the temporal characteristics and amplitude of the response. {T}he advection of the tropical anomaly up to the deep water formation area leads to a time delayed response compared to a northern forcing. {T}hus, in its transient response, the {AMOC} is less sensitive to a constant anomalous freshwater flux in the tropics than in the north. {T}his difference decreases with time and practically vanishes in equilibrium with constant freshwater forcing. {T}he equilibrium response of the {AMOC} shows a non-linear dependence on freshwater forcing in both locations, with a stronger sensitivity to positive freshwater forcing. {A}s a consequence, competitive forcing in both regions is balanced when the negative forcing is about 1.5 times larger than the positive forcing. {T}he relaxation time of the {AMOC} after termination of a freshwater perturbation depends significantly on the {AMOC} strength itself. {A} strong overturning exhibits a faster relaxation to its unperturbed state. {B}y means of a set of complementary experiments (pulse-perturbations, constant and stochastic forcing) we quantify these effects and discuss the corresponding time scales and physical processes.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {27},
  numero = {7-8},
  pages = {715--725},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-006-0161-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037648},
}