@article{fdi:010037613,
  title = {{W}aves of agitation inside anchovy schools observed with multibeam sonar : a way to transmit information in response to predation},
  author = {{G}erlotto, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {B}ertrand, {S}ophie and {B}ez, {N}icolas and {G}utierrez, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}ost pelagic fish live in schools. {T}o allow fast reactions, for instance to predator attacks, these collective structures require behavioural mechanisms authorizing fast, coordinated movements. {C}onsidering the large number of individuals constituting a school of small pelagic fish, a crucial premise to coordinated movements and school reorganization is an ability to transfer quickly and efficiently information across the whole collective structure. {W}e observed anchovy school movements and reactions to sea-lion attacks while the ship was drifting in {P}eruvian waters. {T}he main process of information transfer we could observe was that of waves of agitation crossing large anchovy schools. {T}he average speed of these waves (7.45 m s(-1)) was much greater than the average 0.3 m s(-1) school speeds measured during this experiment. {T}he internal organization of each school modified dramatically after the waves of agitation had crossed them. {C}hanges in school external morphology and internal structure were described and measured using geostatistics. {O}ur results show that information transfer is a crucial process for the cohesion and plasticity of schools. {A}s such, it allows efficient reactions of schools of pelagic fish to variations in their immediate environment in general, and to predation in particular. (c) 2006 {I}nternational {C}ouncil for the {E}xploration of the {S}ea. {P}ublished by {E}lsevier {L}td. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {anchovy ; communication ; fish behaviour ; pelagic ; predation ; schooling ; sea lions},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}ces {J}ournal of {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {63},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1405--1417},
  ISSN = {1054-3139},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.023},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037613},
}