@article{fdi:010035751,
  title = {{R}isk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis : a clinic-based case control study in the {G}ambia},
  author = {{H}ill, {P}.{C}. and {J}ackson {S}illah, {D}. and {D}onkor, {S}.{A}. and {O}tu, {J}. and {A}degbola, {R}.{A}. and {L}ienhardt, {C}hristian},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground : {T}he tuberculosis ({TB}) epidemic in {A}frica is on the rise, even in low-{HIV} prevalence settings. {F}ew studies have attempted to identify possible reasons for this. {W}e aimed to identify risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in those attending a general outpatients clinic in {T}he {G}ambia, a sub-{S}aharan {A}frican country with relatively low {HIV} prevalence in the community and in {TB} patients. {M}ethods: {W}e conducted a case control study at the {M}edical {R}esearch {C}ouncil {O}utpatients' clinic in {T}he {G}ambia. {P}ulmonary {TB} cases were at least 15 years old, controls were age and sex matched clinic attendees. {P}articipants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. {R}esults: 100 sputum smear positive {TB} cases and 200 clinic controls were recruited. {HIV} prevalence was 6.1% in cases and 3.3% in controls. {M}ultivariable assessment of host factors showed that risk of {TB} was increased among the {J}ola ethnic group and smokers, and decreased in those in a professional occupation. {A}ssessment of environmental factors showed an increased risk with household crowding, history of household exposure to a known {TB} case, and absence of a ceiling in the house. {I}n a combined multivariable host-environment model, the risk of {TB} increased with crowding, exposure to a known {TB} case, as well as amongst the {J}ola ethnic group. {C}onclusion: {I}n {T}he {G}ambia, household crowding and past household exposure to a known {TB} case are the standout risk factors for {TB} disease. {F}urther research is needed to identify why risk of {TB} seems to differ according to ethnicity.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {P}ublic {H}ealth},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. no. 156 -- {NIL}_1--{NIL}_7},
  ISSN = {1471-2458},
  year = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2458-6-156},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010035751},
}