Rabarijaona L.P. auteur aut IRD Ariey F. auteur aut IRD Matra R. auteur aut IRD Cot S. auteur aut IRD Raharimalala A.L. auteur aut IRD Ranaivo L.H. auteur aut IRD Le Bras J. auteur aut IRD Robert Vincent auteur aut IRD Randrianarivelojosia M. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background: The study of urban malaria is an area undergoing rapid expansion, after many years of neglect. The problem of over-diagnosis of malaria, especially in low transmission settings including urban areas, is also receiving deserved attention. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of malaria among febrile outpatients seen in private and public primary care facilities of Antananarivo. The second aim was to determine, among the diagnosed malaria cases, the contribution of autochthonous urban malaria. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys in 43 health centres in Antananarivo in February 2003 ( rainy season) and in July 2003 ( dry season) were conducted. Consenting clinically suspected malaria patients with fever or history of fever in the past 48 hours were included. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy were used to diagnose malaria. Basic information was collected from patients to try to identify the origin of the infection: autochthonous or introduced. Results: In February, among 771 patients, 15 (1.9%) positive cases were detected. Three malaria parasites were implicated: Plasmodium. falciparum ( n = 12), Plasmodium vivax ( n = 2) and Plasmodium. ovale ( n = 1). Only two cases, both P. falciparum, were likely to have been autochthonous (0.26%). In July, among 739 blood smears examined, 11 (1.5%) were positive: P. falciparum ( n = 9) and P. vivax ( n = 2). Three cases of P. falciparum malaria were considered to be of local origin (0.4%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that malaria cases among febrile episodes are low in Antananarivo and autochthonous malaria cases exist but are rare. specialized 052 5 art. no. 27 - NIL_1-NIL_9 2006 1475-2875 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010035726 10.1186/1475-2875-5-27 1475-2875 [F B010035726] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010035726 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-09/010035726.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2006-08-30 2017-10-03 fdi:010035726 fre