@article{fdi:010027837,
  title = {{V}enoms, antivenoms and immunotherapy},
  author = {{C}hippaux, {J}ean-{P}hilippe and {G}oyffon, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} century after the discovery of antivenom and despite real progress undertaken in its manufacture, its use remains largely empirical. {R}ecent studies of pharmacokinetics of envenoming permitted improved understanding of immunotherapy. {I}mproved purification of the antivenom by using immunoglobulin fragments has lead to increased tolerance and efficiency of antivenom. {T}he respective advantages and disadvantages of {F}(ab')2 and {F}(ab) are discussed in relation to neutralising efficacy and clearance from the circulation. {A}lthough the time during which the action of antivenom remains beneficial after the bite is unknown, the superiority of intravenous administration has now been proved. {A}lthough immunisation procedures and purification and use of {I}g{G} fragments can be improved using modern technology, the future of immunotherapy seems promising. {I}t is vital that therapeutic protocols should be rigidly adhered to in order to optimise immunotherapy. {T}he use of vaccination has yet to be explored.},
  keywords = {{SERPENT} ; {TOXICITE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {PREPARATION} {MEDICINALE} ; {VACCINATION} ; {IMMUNOTHERAPIE} ; {SERUM} {ANTIVENIMEUX} ; {MORSURE} ; {VENIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}oxicon},
  volume = {36},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {823--846},
  ISSN = {0041-0101},
  year = {1998},
  DOI = {10.1016/{S}0041-0101(97)00160-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010027837},
}