@article{fdi:010025698,
  title = {{U}nprecedented degree of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ({HIV}-1) group {M} genetic diversity in the {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo suggests that the {HIV}-1 pandemic originated in {C}entral {A}frica},
  author = {{V}idal, {N}icole and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {M}ulanga {K}abeya, {C}laire and {N}zilambi, {N}. and {R}obertson, {D}. and {I}lunga, {W}. and {S}ema, {H}. and {T}shimanga, {K}. and {B}ongo, {B}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he purpose of this study was to document the genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ({HIV}-1) in the {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo ({DRC}, formerly {Z}aire). {A} total of 247 {HIV}-1-positive samples, collected during an epidemiologic survey conducted in 1997 in three regions ({K}inshasa (the capital), {B}wamanda (in the north), and {M}buyi-{M}aya (in the south)), were genetically characterized in the env {V}3-{V}5 region. {A}ll known subtypes were found to cocirculate, and for 6% of the samples the subtype could not be identified. {T}he highest prevalence (25%) of subtype was in the south, and {CRF}01-{AE} was seen mainly in the north. {T}he high intersubtype variability among the {V}3-{V}5 sequences is the most probable reason for the low (45%) efficiency of subtype {A}-specific {PCR} and {HMA} (heteroduplex mobility assay). {E}ighteen (29%) of 62 samples had discordant subtype designations between env and gag. {S}equence analysis of the entire envelope from 13 samples confirmed the high degree of diversity and complexity of {HIV}-1 strains in the {DRC} ; 9 had a complex recombinant structure in gp160, involving fragments of known and unknown subtypes. {I}nterestingly, the unknown fragments from the different strains did not cluster together. {O}verall, the high number of {HIV}-1 subtypes cocirculating, the high intrasubtype diversity, and the high numbers of possible recombinant viruses as well as different unclassified strains are all in agreement with an old and mature epidemic in the {DRC}, suggesting that this region is the epicenter of {HIV}-1 group {M}. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {VIRUS} ; {DIVERSITE} {GENETIQUE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ANALYSE} {GENETIQUE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {PHYLOGENIE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {VIH} 1 {GROUPE} {M} ; {ZAIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}irology},
  volume = {74},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {10498--10507},
  ISSN = {0022-538{X}},
  year = {2000},
  DOI = {10.1128/{JVI}.74.22.10498-10507.2000},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010025698},
}