@article{fdi:010020866, title = {{O}xygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since antiquity}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}haussidon, {M}. and {S}chubnel, {H}.{J}. and {P}iat, {D}.{H}. and {R}ollion-{B}ard, {C}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {G}iard, {D}. and {N}arvaez, {D}. de and {R}ondeau, {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}xygen isotopic compositions of historical emerald artifacts from the {G}allo-{R}oman period to the 18th century indicate that during historical times, artisans worked emeralds originating from deposits supposedly discovered in the 20th century. {I}n antiquity, {P}akistani and {E}gyptian emeralds were traded by way of the {S}ilk {R}oute. {T}ogether with {A}ustrian stones, they were the only source of gem-quality emeralds. {I}mmediately after the discovery of the {C}olombian mines by {S}paniards in the 16th century, a new trade route was established, first via {S}pain to {E}urope and {I}ndia and then directly via the {P}hilippines to {I}ndia. {S}ince then, {C}olombian emeralds have dominated the emerald trade, and most of the high-quality emeralds cut in the 18th century in {I}ndia originated from {C}olombia. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {COMMERCE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {EMERAUDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}cience}, volume = {287}, numero = {5453}, pages = {631--633}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, year = {2000}, DOI = {10.1126/science.287.5453.631}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010020866}, }