@article{fdi:010019676,
  title = {{T}ungurahua volcano, {E}cuador : structure, eruptive history and hazards},
  author = {{H}all, {M}.{L}. and {R}obin, {C}laude and {B}eate, {B}. and {M}othes, {P}. and {M}onzier, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}ungurahua, one of {E}cuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of three volcanic edifices. {T}ungurahua 1 was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. {T}ungurahua 2, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years {BP}, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event, 2955 plus or minus 90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced an approximately 8-km3 debris deposit. {T}he avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for approximately 15 km. {A} larger lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. {S}outhwestward, the damming of the {C}hambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in an approximately 10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached, generating another catastrophic debris flow. {T}he eruptive activity of the present volcano ({T}ungurahua 3) has rebuilt the cone to about 50% of its pre-collapse size by the emission of approximately 3 km3 of volcanic products. {T}wo periods of construction are recognized in {T}ungurahua's 3 history. {F}rom approximately 2300 to approximately 1400 years {BP}, high rates of lava extrusion and pyroclastic flows occurred. {D}uring this period, the magma composition did not evolve significantly, remaining essentially basic andesite. {D}uring the last appromatively 1300 years, eruptive episodes take place roughly once per century and generally begin with lapilli fall and pyroclastic flow activity of varied composition (andesite + dacite), and end with more basic andesite lava flows or crater plugs. {T}his pattern is observed in the three historic eruptions of 1773, 1886 and 1916-1918... ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{VOLCAN} ; {STRUCTURE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {HOLOCENE} ; {RISQUE} {NATUREL} ; {ANDESITE} ; {MAGMATISME} ; {ETUDE} {REGIONALE} ; {EQUATEUR} ; {TUNGURAHUA} {VOLCANO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}olcanology and {G}eothermal {R}esearch},
  volume = {91},
  numero = {},
  pages = {1--21},
  ISSN = {0377-0273},
  year = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1016/{S}0377-0273(99)00047-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010019676},
}