%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Chippaux, Jean-Philippe
%A Lang, J.
%A Amadi Eddine, S
%A Fagot, P.
%A Rage, V.
%A Peyrieux, J.C.
%A Le Mener, V.
%T Clinical safety of a polyvalent F(ab')2 equine antivenom in 223 African snake envenomations : a field trial in Cameroon
%D 1998
%L fdi:010017807
%G ENG
%J Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
%@ 0035-9203
%K ESSAI CLINIQUE ; TRAITEMENT MEDICAL ; EFFICACITE ; VENIN ; SERPENT
%K ENVENIMATION ; SEROTHERAPIE ; PROTOCOLE D'UTILISATION ; EFFET SECONDAIRE
%K CAMEROUN NORD
%N 6
%P 657-662
%R 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90802-1
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010017807
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/b_fdi_49-50/010017807.pdf
%V 92
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X A large-scale clinical trial was conducted, according to World Health Organization Good Clinical Practice guidelines, in 7 centres in North Cameroon to determine the safety and efficacy of a polyvalent antivenom composed of purified F(ab')2. This study included 223 patients presenting clinically with an obvious snake bite, predominantly due to #Echis ocellatus$ (viper), the most abundant species in this savannah region. Clinical surveillance was maintained for 5 d in all patients and until the twenty-sixth day in 74% of cases. Two 10 mL ampoules of polyvalent F(ab')2 equine antivenom (Ipser Africa (TM)) were administered to each patient by intravenous infusion. If necessary, treatment was repeated 1 h after the end of the first infusion, and then with a frequency determined by the patient's clinical condition. Before initiation of antivenom treatment, the main clinical disorders observed on admission were oedema (93.7%) and haemorrhage (48.9%), with a clotting time longer than 30 min in 65.4% of patients. Clincal cure was obtained in 213 patients (96.8%). No amputation was necessary, and the case fatality rate was only 1.3%. On average, 4.6 (+ or - 3.7) ampoules were administered per patient ; 43% of subjects recovered after only a single infusion of 2 ampoules. Early adverse reactions, of varying degrees of severity, were observed in 6.3% of patients. A severe early reaction, anaphylactic shock, was observed in only one patient (0.4%). Serum sickness was observed in another patient. Polyvalent F(ab')2 equine antivenom given by repeated 20 mL intravenous infusions is a safe and effective treatment for envenomation caused by African vipers. (Résumé d'auteur)
%$ 050MEDECI