@article{fdi:010015688,
  title = {{E}stimation of rainfall inputs and direct recharge to the deep unsaturated zone of {S}outhern {N}iger using the chloride profile method},
  author = {{B}romley, {J}. and {E}dmunds, {W}.{M}. and {F}ellman, {E}. and {B}rouwer, {J}. and {G}aze, {S}.{R}. and {S}udlow, {J}. and {T}aupin, {J}ean-{D}enis},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}n estimate of direct groundwater recharge below a region of natural woodland (tiger bush) has been made in south-west {N}iger using the solute profile technique. {D}ata has been collected from a 77 m deep well dug within the study area covered by {HAPEX}-{S}ahel ({H}ydrological and {A}tmospheric {P}ilot {E}xperiment), an international large-scale energy, water and carbon balance experiment carried out during the summer of 1992. {D}uring well construction samples were taken from the unsatured zone at the following intervals : every 25 cm from 0-10 m, every 50 cm from 10-62.5 m, then every metre to the bottom of the well. {P}ore water was extracted from each sample either by centrifugation or elutriation and analysed for chloride ; moisture contents of samples were obtained gravimetrically. {T}hese data have been used to produce depth profiles of pore water chloride concentration and moisture content throughout the unsaturated zone. {F}rom these profiles it has been possible to derive an estimate of historic direct recharge at the site. {T}he chloride concentration of rainfall, which is required to make the estimate, was determined from the analysis of 123 rainfall samples collected from five {EPSAT} (vers une {E}stimation des {P}r{\'e}cipitations par {S}atellite au {S}ahel) rain gauges in 1992. {A} mean recharge rate of 13 mm/year (range 10-19 mm) is estimated for the upper 70 m of the profile, with a total residence time of 790 years (range 520-990 years). {T}his is considered to be a representative estimate of the magnitude of direct recharge taking place below tiger bush areas. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{REGIME} {HYDROLOGIQUE} ; {PLUVIOMETRIE} ; {EAU} {DU} {SOL} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {ACQUISITION} {DE} {DONNEES} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {HUMIDITE} {DU} {SOL} ; {CHLORURE} ; {BROUSSE} {TIGREE} ; {ZONE} {SAHELIENNE} ; {NIGER} {SUD} {OUEST} ; {NIAMEY} {REGION}},
  booktitle = {{HAPEX}-{S}ahel},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrology},
  volume = {188-189},
  numero = {},
  pages = {139--154},
  year = {1997},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010015688},
}