@article{fdi:010015235,
  title = {{E}volution of malaria in {A}frica for the past 40 years : impact of climatic and human factors},
  author = {{M}ouchet, {J}ean and {M}anguin, {S}ylvie and {S}ircoulon, {J}acques and {L}aventure, {S}. and {F}aye, {O}. and {O}napa, {A}.{W}. and {C}arnevale, {P}ierre and {J}ulvez, {J}. and {F}ontenille, {D}idier},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}ifferent malarial situations in {A}frica within the past 40 years are discussed in order to evaluate the impact of climatic and human factors on the disease. {N}orth of the equator, more droughts and lower rainfall have been recorded since 1972, and in eastern and southern {A}frica, there have been alternating dry and wet periods in relation to {E}l {N}ino. {S}ince 1955, the increase in human population from 125 to 450 millions has resulted in both expansion of land cultivation and urbanization. {I}n stable malaria areas of {W}est and {C}entral {A}frica and on the {M}adagascar coasts, the endemic situation has not changed since 1955. {H}owever, in unstable malaria areas such as the highlands and {S}ahel significant changes have occurred. {I}n {M}adagascar, cessation of malaria control programs resulted in the deadly epidemic of 1987-88. {T}he same situation was observed in {S}waziland in 1984-85. {I}n {U}ganda, malaria incidence has increased more than 30 times in the highlands (1,500-1,800 m), but its altitudinal limit has not overcome that of the beginning of the century. {C}ultivation of valley bottoms and extension of settlements are in large part responsible for this increase, along with abnormally heavy rainfall that favored the severe epidemic of 1994. {A} similar increase in malaria was observed in neighboring highlands of {R}wanda and {B}urundi, and epidemics have been recorded in {E}thiopia since 1958. {I}n contrast, in the {S}ahel ({N}iayes region, {S}enegal), stricken by droughts since 1972, endemic malaria decreased drastically after the disappearance of the main vector, #{A}nopheles funestus$, due to the destruction of its larval sites by cultivation. {E}ven during the very wet year of 1995, #{A}n. funestus$ did not reinvade the region and malaria did not increase. {T}he same situation was observed in the {S}ahelian zone of {N}iger... ({D}'apr{\`e}s r{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{PALUDISME} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {FACTEUR} {CLIMATIQUE} ; {FACTEUR} {ANTHROPIQUE} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {SWAZILAND} ; {ZIMBABWE} ; {OUGANDA} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {A}merican {M}osquito {C}ontrol {A}ssociation},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {121--130},
  ISSN = {8756-971{X}},
  year = {1998},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010015235},
}