%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Rocquelin, Gérard
%A Tapsoba, S.
%A Dop, Marie-Claude
%A Mbemba, F.
%A Traissac, Pierre
%A Martin-Prével, Yves
%T Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status : impact on infants' EFA supply
%D 1998
%L fdi:010013499
%G ENG
%J European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
%@ 0954-3007
%K COMPOSITION DES ALIMENTS ; LAIT MATERNEL ; LIPIDE ; ACIDE GRAS ; ENQUETE NUTRITIONNELLE ; NOURRISSON ; ANTHROPOMETRIE NUTRITIONNELLE
%K HABITUDE ALIMENTAIRE MATERNELLE
%K CONGO ; BRAZZAVILLE
%N 3
%P 164-171
%R 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600529
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010013499
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/b_fdi_49-50/010013499.pdf
%V 52
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Objective: To measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of 5 months old Congolese infants. Design: Cross sectional nutrition survey. Setting: A suburban district of Brazzaville (capital of the Congo). Subjects: A random sample of nursing mothers and their 5 months old infants (n=102). Data collection procedures: The mothers were questionned on their socio-economic status, dietary habits, and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Breast milk samples were collected from each mother. Milk lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined. Results: Compared with milk from various countries, Congolese women's mature breast milk was low in lipid (28.70±11.33?g/L) but rich in 8:0-14:0?FAs (25.97±8.17% of total FAs) and in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), particularly n-3 PUFAs (2.39±0.68% of total FAs, mainly 18:3 and 22:6). This was associated with the frequent consumption of high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread, doughnuts) known to enhance 8:0-14:0 FA biosynthesis, and with that of foods providing n-6 and n-3 EFAs such as freshwater and saltwater fish, vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, and high-fat fruit (peanuts, avocado, bushbutter). These foods were traditionally and locally produced. Milk lipid content was negatively related with mothers' BMI (P<0.01) and varied with the frequency of consumption of certain foods corresponding to distinct dietary patterns.

Conclusions: Lipid content and FA composition of Congolese breast milk were dependent on mother's nutritional status. However, despite an adequate EFA composition of breast milk, partially breast-fed 5 months old Congolese infants probably did not get enough n-6 and n-3 EFAs from breast milk to meet their EFA requirements.
%$ 054ALIM02 ; 054PHYMED02