@article{fdi:010013499,
  title = {{L}ipid content and essential fatty acid ({EFA}) composition of mature {C}ongolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status : impact on infants' {EFA} supply},
  author = {{R}ocquelin, {G}{\'e}rard and {T}apsoba, {S}. and {D}op, {M}arie-{C}laude and {M}bemba, {F}. and {T}raissac, {P}ierre and {M}artin-{P}r{\'e}vel, {Y}ves},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}o measure the lipid content and the fatty acid ({FA}) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid ({EFA}) status of 5 months old {C}ongolese infants. {D}esign: {C}ross sectional nutrition survey. {S}etting: {A} suburban district of {B}razzaville (capital of the {C}ongo). {S}ubjects: {A} random sample of nursing mothers and their 5 months old infants (n=102). {D}ata collection procedures: {T}he mothers were questionned on their socio-economic status, dietary habits, and their body mass index ({BMI}) was measured. {B}reast milk samples were collected from each mother. {M}ilk lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined. {R}esults: {C}ompared with milk from various countries, {C}ongolese women's mature breast milk was low in lipid (28.70±11.33?g/{L}) but rich in 8:0-14:0?{FA}s (25.97±8.17% of total {FA}s) and in polyunsaturated {FA}s ({PUFA}s), particularly n-3 {PUFA}s (2.39±0.68% of total {FA}s, mainly 18:3 and 22:6). {T}his was associated with the frequent consumption of high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread, doughnuts) known to enhance 8:0-14:0 {FA} biosynthesis, and with that of foods providing n-6 and n-3 {EFA}s such as freshwater and saltwater fish, vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, and high-fat fruit (peanuts, avocado, bushbutter). {T}hese foods were traditionally and locally produced. {M}ilk lipid content was negatively related with mothers' {BMI} ({P}<0.01) and varied with the frequency of consumption of certain foods corresponding to distinct dietary patterns.

{C}onclusions: {L}ipid content and {FA} composition of {C}ongolese breast milk were dependent on mother's nutritional status. {H}owever, despite an adequate {EFA} composition of breast milk, partially breast-fed 5 months old {C}ongolese infants probably did not get enough n-6 and n-3 {EFA}s from breast milk to meet their {EFA} requirements.},
  keywords = {{COMPOSITION} {DES} {ALIMENTS} ; {LAIT} {MATERNEL} ; {LIPIDE} ; {ACIDE} {GRAS} ; {ENQUETE} {NUTRITIONNELLE} ; {NOURRISSON} ; {ANTHROPOMETRIE} {NUTRITIONNELLE} ; {HABITUDE} {ALIMENTAIRE} {MATERNELLE} ; {CONGO} ; {BRAZZAVILLE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}uropean {J}ournal of {C}linical {N}utrition},
  volume = {52},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {164--171},
  ISSN = {0954-3007},
  year = {1998},
  DOI = {10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600529},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010013499},
}